Abstract :
The study aimed to identify the impact of applying deep learning strategies and adaptive learning systems (ALS) on enhancing algebraic proficiency among eighth-grade students in the Jerash Directorate of Education. The study tools and materials were prepared, including the development of a proposed instructional unit within the algebra curriculum based on the application of deep learning strategies and adaptive learning systems (ALS), as well as an algebraic proficiency test and verification of its psychometric properties. The study sample consisted of (60) female students selected through purposive sampling. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group comprising (30) students who were trained according to the instructional unit, and a control group comprising (30) students who did not undergo training. The study instrument was administered to the sample, and the results were recorded and analyzed, revealing statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in enhancing the dimensions of algebraic proficiency in accordance with deep learning strategies and Adaptive Learning Systems (ALS). In light of the study’s findings, the researcher recommends the importance of pedagogical and technical diversity in the teaching of mathematical content to enhance algebraic proficiency, thereby contributing to the achievement of the intended outcomes.
Keywords :
Deep Learning Strategies, Dimensions of Algebraic Proficiency, Adaptive Learning Systems (ALS).References :
- Abu Zeina, Farid; and Ababneh, Abdullah. (2007). The level of mathematical proficiency among eighth-grade students in Jordan. Journal of Studies: Educational Sciences, University of Jordan, 34(2), 244–261
- Al Mutawah, M. A., Thomas, R., Eid, A., Mahmoud, E. Y., & Fateel, M. J. (2019). Conceptual understanding, procedural knowledge and problem-solving skills in mathematics: Analysis of high school graduates’ work and perspectives. International Journal of Education and Practice, 7(3), 258–273 https://doi.org/10.18488/journal61..2019.73.258.273
- Al-Otaibi, Bandar bin Shabib. (2023). The impact of using AI-based smart learning systems on the development of mathematical proficiency skills among secondary school students. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 74(3), 115–152
- Azmy, N. G., Fares, N. M., Al-Said, S. M., & Saied, M. A. A. (2017). Adaptive learning systems and their relation to learning styles, foundations and associated educational theories. The1stInternational Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Specific Education in Qena, South Valley University, entitled “Specific Education and the Quality of Community Work: A New Vision”, 161–176 https://www.academia.edu/97079951
- Boamah, S., Asemani, E., Koranteng, E. K., & Mensah, R. O. (2025). Effect of cognitive-communicative model on senior high school students’ proficiency in solving algebraic word problems. Discover Education, 4(188). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00619-y
- Cerbito, A. F. (2020). Comparative analysis of mathematics proficiency and attitudes toward mathematics of senior high school students. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 10(5), 125 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED605013.pdf
- Edo, S. I., & Tasik, W. F. (2022). Investigation of students’ algebraic conceptual understanding and the ability to solve PISA-like mathematics problems in a modelling task. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 14(2), 44–60 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1350638.pdf
- Genareo, V. R., Foegen, A., Dougherty, B. J., DeLeeuw, W. W., Olson, J., & Karaman Dundar, R. (2021). Technical Adequacy of Procedural and Conceptual Algebra Screening Measures in High School Algebra. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 46(2), 121–131 https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508419862025
- Fauskanger, J., & Bjuland, R. (2018). Deep learning as constructed in mathematics teachers’ written discourses. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 13(3), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2705
- Fernandes, S., Flores, M. A., & Lima, R. M. (2012) . Students’ Views of Assessment in Project-led Engineering Education: findings from a case study in Portugal. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 37(2), 163–178 https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2010.515015
- Floyd, K. S., Harring, S. J., & Santiago, J. (2009). The effect of engagement and perceived course value on deep and surface learning strategies. The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 12, 181–190
- Jazby, D.; Widjaja, W. (2019). Teacher noticing of primary students’ mathematical reasoning in a problem-solving task. In G. Hine, S. Blackley, & A. Cooke (Eds.), Mathematics education research: Impacting practice (Proceedings of the42ndannual conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 380–387. Perth: MERGA. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED604495.pdf
- Hartati, S. J., Vitianingsih, A. V., Kurniati, N., Sulistyowati, & Muhajir. (2020). Identifying the factors of mathematical reasoning that affect the ability to Programme algorithms. International Education Studies, 13(5), 44–56. Canadian Centre for Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n5p44
- Hatisaru, V., Chick, H., & Oates, G. (2022). Developing proficiency with teaching algebra in teacher working groups: Understanding the needs. In N. Fitzallen, C. Murphy, V. Hatisaru, & N. Maher (Eds.), Mathematical confluences and journeys (Proceedings of the44thAnnual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 3–7 July) (pp. 250–257). MERGA. Retrieved from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED623705.pdf
- JAHUDIN, J.; SIEW, N. (2024). The effects of Polya’s problem solving with digital bar model on the algebraic thinking skills of seventh graders, PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN THE 21st CENTURY, 82(3), 390–409https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/24.82.390
- Jose, J., Joseph, A., Abraham, P., Varghese, R., Beenamole, T., Varghese, S. M., & Oommen, S. E. (2024). Transformative pedagogies: A bibliometric journey through adaptive learning systems. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 102(6), 2308–2322. Little Lion Scientific. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED650379.pdf
- Junpeng, P., Marwiang, M., Chiajunthuk, S., Suwannatrai, P., Chanayota, K., Pongboriboon, K., Tang, K. N., & Wilson, M. (2020). Validation of a digital tool for diagnosing mathematical proficiency. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 9(3), 665–674 https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20503
- Kania, N., Saepudin, A., & Gürbüz, F. (2025). Assessing cognitive obstacles in learning number concepts: Insights from pre-service mathematics teachers. Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education, 10(3), 146–166 https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v10i3.8638
- Kieran, C. (2004). The core of algebra: Reflections on its main activities. In K. Stacey, H. Chick, & M. Kendal (Eds.), The future of the teaching and learning of algebra: The 12th ICMI Study (pp. 21–33). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8131-6_3
- Kwangpukieo, C., & Sawangboon, T. (2024). Fostering mathematical proficiency and creative thinking skills in 10th grade students through the 5E inquiry-based learning approach with supplementary media. International Education Studies, 17(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v17n3p1
- Lamb, J., Warren, E., & Cooper, T. (2007). Combining teaching experiments and professional learning: Conflicts between research and teacher outcomes. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 19(3), 73–92. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ788379.pdf
- Liu, Y. N. (2022). Rational Analysis of Deep Learning in Mathematics. Creative Education, 13, 854–861 https://doi.org/10.4236/ce2022..133056
- Luneta, K., & Legesse, M.Y. (2023). Discourse-based mathematics instruction on Grade 11 learners’ mathematical proficiency in algebra topics, 44(1), a686. https://doi.org/10.4102/pythagoras.v44i1.686
- Mason, J. (2008). Making use of children’s powers to produce algebraic thinking. In L. English (Ed.), Handbook of International Research in Mathematics Education, Routledge, 169–190
- Masuku, M. M., Jili, N. N., & Sabela, P. T. (2021). Assessment as a pedagogy and measuring tool in promoting deep learning in institutions of higher learning. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n2p274
- McGregor, D. (2007). Developing thinking, developing learning: A guide to thinking skills in education, 7–25. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780335217809
- McGuinness, S. (2014). Developing and Assessing Thinking Skills Project, Final Report Part 1 February with all appendices
- National Research Council (NRC). (2001). Adding it up: Helping children learn mathematics. J. Kilpatrick, J. Swafford, & B. Findell (Eds.). Mathematics Learning Study Committee, Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9822
- Ottmar, E., Lee, J.-E., Vanacore, K., Pradhan, S., Decker & Woodrow, L., & Mason, C. A. (2023). Data from the Efficacy Study of From Here to There! A Dynamic Technology for Improving Algebraic Understanding. Journal of Open Psychology Data, 11: 5, pp. 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jopd87.
- Pane, J.; Griffin, B.; McCaffrey, D.; Karam, R.; Daugherty, L.; & Phillips, A. (2013). Does an Algebra Course with Tutoring Software Improve Student Learning? (RB-9746-DEIES), RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9746.html
- Radford, L. (2012). Early algebraic thinking: Epistemological, semiotic, and developmental issues. In Tso, T. Y. (Ed.), Proceedings of the12thInternational Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME-12), 487–502. https://www.luisradford.ca/pub/5_2012ICME12RL312.pdf
- Rahman MS, Juniati D, Manuharawati. The Quality of Mathematical Proficiency in Solving Geometry Problems: Differences in Cognitive Independence and Motivation. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(3), 255–266 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-3708
- Sabilah, I.; Siswono, T. Y. E.; Masriyah. (2018). Students’ Strategic Competence Towards Open-Ended Problems Before and After the Transition to Junior High School. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1108 (1). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012017/pdf
- Sari, D. P., Kurniawan, H., & Sutiarso, S. (2023). The quality of mathematical proficiency in solving geometry problems: Differences in cognitive independence and motivation. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(1), 1–12 https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog13..01.01
- Schulz, A. (2023). Assessing student teachers’ procedural fluency and strategic competence in operating and mathematising with natural and rational numbers. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 27, 981–1008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-023-09590-7
- Stacey, K., Chick, H., & Kendal, M. (Eds.). (2004). The future of the teaching and learning of algebra: The12thICMI study, 8. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Suglo, E. K. (2024). Exploring the impact of deep learning activities in the mathematics classroom on students’ academic performance: A comprehensive study [Preprint]. Preprints.org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1551.v1
- Villegas, W.; Canizares, M.; Alcazar, A.; & Pacheco, X. (2020). Data Analysis as a Tool for the Application of Adaptive Learning in a University Environment. Applied Sciences, 10(20), 7016; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207016
- Wakhata, R., Balimuttajjo, S., & Mutarutinya, V. (2023). Building on students’ prior mathematical thinking: Exploring students’ reasoning interpretation of preconceptions in learning mathematics. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 15(1), 127–142. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1391459.pdf
- Wang, X. (2015). The Literature Review of Algebra Learning: Focusing on the Contributions to Students’ Difficulties. Creative Education, 6, 144–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce2015..62013
- Warren, E., & Cooper, T. (2007). Generalizing the pattern rule for visual growth patterns: Actions that support 8-year-olds’ thinking. Springer Science Business Media.
- Weng, C., Chen, C., & Ai, X. (2023). A pedagogical study on promoting students’ deep learning through design-based learning’. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 33(6), 1653–1674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-022-09789-4
- Wibowo, A., & Suryaningsih, Y. (2020). The correlation between mathematical logic ability, algebra ability, and basic calculus ability with algorithm programming ability. International Education Studies, 13(7), 44–52. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1254684.pdf
- Wong, S. L., & Wong, S. L. (2021). Effects of motivational adaptive instruction on student motivation towards mathematics in a technology-enhanced learning classroom. Contemporary Educational Technology, 13(4), ep326 https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/11199
- Yaguarema, M.; Zambrano R J.; Salavarría, M. (2022) Analysis of the Deep Learning Strategies Questionnaire with Ecuadorian students. Front. Educ. https://doi.org/10.3389/FEDUC2022..1004874
- Zhang, L., Stylianides, G. J., & Stylianides, A. J. (2024). Enhancing mathematical problem posing competence: A meta-analysis of intervention studies. International Journal of STEM Education, 11(1), Article 507. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-024-00507-1
- Zhao L, Wang H. (2019). Research on adaptive learning system based on three core modules [Internet]. Proceedings –10thInternational Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education, ITME, 447–452 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ITME2019..00106

