Abstract :
his descriptive study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking among residents in Biñan City, Laguna, and to determine the perceived need for a community-based smoking cessation clinic led by respiratory therapists. A total of 400 respondents from various age groups and occupational backgrounds were surveyed using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistical tools, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency, were employed to analyze demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, awareness of health risks, and preferences for cessation support. The results revealed that 70.5% of respondents were current smokers, with the highest prevalence among middle-aged adults and males. While awareness of smoking’s respiratory health risks was high (99%), knowledge of cardiovascular consequences was notably lower (81.5%). Only 37.5% of respondents were aware of existing cessation programs, though the majority (87.5%) supported the establishment of a clinic. Respiratory therapists were highly rated (mean score = 3.77) for their credibility and perceived effectiveness in cessation support. Respondents expressed strong willingness to quit smoking and showed preference for individualized, medically supervised interventions, particularly those offering counseling and pharmacologic aid. These findings support the development of a locally anchored, respiratory therapist–led smoking cessation program in Biñan City to meet the community’s needs and enhance public health outcomes.
Keywords :
Community Health, Preventive Health, Respiratory Therapy, Smoking CessationReferences :
- Bhandari, P. (2023). Correlational Research | When & How to Use. Scribbr. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/correlational-research/
- Battista, A., & Torre, D. (2023). Mixed methods research designs. Medical Teacher, 45(6),585-587. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2200118
- Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH): Population Counts Declared Official by the President. Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph
- American Association for Respiratory Care. (2023). Clinician Training on Tobacco Dependencefor Respiratory Therapists. Retrieved from https://www.aarc.org/education/clinician-training-on-tobacco-dependence-for-respiratory-therapists/AARC
- American Association for Respiratory Care. (2023). Smoking Cessation Framework. Retrieved from https://www.aarc.org/news/an23-smoking-cessation-framework/AARC
- Respiratory Therapy. (2023). Smoking Cessation for Cancer Patients Effective. Retrieved from https://respiratory-therapy.com/public-health/smoking/smoking-cessation-for-cancer-patients-effective/
- Liebert Pub. (2023). Respiratory Therapists’ Awareness of Smoking Cessation Program. Retrieved from https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.4187/respcare.20223774148 Liebert Publishing
- (2023). Smoking Cessation Programs: Joint Contributions by Nurses and Respiratory Therapists. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390054115_Smoking_Cessation_Programs_Joint_Contributions_by_Nurses_and_Respiratory_Therapists ResearchGate
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Adult Smoking Cessation — United States,2022. MMWR. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7329a1.html
- National Institutes of Health. (2023). Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10252602/
- Tobacco Induced Diseases. (2023). Effectiveness of Immediate Appointment Scheduling in Smoking Cessation Clinics. Retrieved from https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Effectiveness-of-immediate-appointment-scheduling-in-smoking-cessation-clinics-for%2C191782%2C0%2C2.html. Tobacco Induced Diseases
- Aultman Hospital. (2023). Tobacco Cessation Programs. Retrieved from https://aultman.org/home/health-and-wellness/community-programs/tobacco-support/Aultman
- UT Medical Center. (2023). Smoking Cessation Program. Retrieved from https://www.utmedicalcenter.org/treatments/smoking-cessation-program
- JAMA Internal Medicine. (2022). Comparative Effectiveness of Postdischarge Smoking Cessation Interventions for Hospitalized Patients. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2793720
- (2024). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Brief Interventions for Smoking Cessation Performed by Family Doctors. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/1985
- European Respiratory Journal. (2023). Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Program in Hospitalized Patients. Retrieved from https://publications.ersnet.org/content/erj/62/suppl67/pa993
- Archives of Public Health. (2024). Repeated Participation in Hospital Smoking Cessation Services and Its Effectiveness. Retrieved from https://archpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13690-024-01452-9
- UC Davis Health. (2022). Treatment of Tobacco Smoking: A Review. Retrieved from https://health.ucdavis.edu/media-resources/chpr/documents/pdfs/jama-rigotti-2022.pdf
- Jankowski, M., & Nair, U. (2023). Smoking cessation interventions: A public health imperative. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 9(2), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/163591
- Tang, S., Luo, M., & Chen, H. (2023). Community-based strategies for enhancing smoking cessation outcomes in urban populations. Journal of Public Health Policy and Practice, 41(3), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-023-00237-4
- Lee, R. T., Salas, J. A., & Domingo, R. C. (2024). Culturally responsive smoking cessation programs in Southeast Asia: A systems-based review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 36(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395231186702
- Iheanacho, C., Torres, M. J., & Delos Santos, R. (2023). Workplace stress and smoking behavior among Filipino adults: A cross-sectional study. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences, 10(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.32798/apjhs.2023.10.2.101
- Wang, Y., & Shen, H. (2023). Adolescent smoking trends and the risk of early nicotine dependence: A Southeast Asian perspective. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 21(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/165432
- Singh, P., Mendoza, A. C., & Lee, K. M. (2024). Age-specific health risks of chronic tobacco use: Implications for targeted smoking cessation programs. Journal of Global Public Health Research, 5(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-024-00192-5
- Tan, E. M., Rosario, J. A., & Uy, M. D. (2023). Work-related stress and smoking patterns among self-employed workers in urban Philippine communities. Philippine Journal of Public Health, 5(2), 74–82.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7923612
- Cabrera, N. J., & Villanueva, D. F. (2023). Youth smoking behaviors and social influences: A study of Filipino senior high school students. Asia-Pacific Journal of Tobacco Control, 2(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1186/apjtc.2023.020103
- Park, J. H., Santos, R. A., & del Rosario, M. E. (2023). Educational disparities in tobacco use and cessation behavior: A review of Southeast Asian populations. Tobacco and Public Health Research, 7(1), 55–63.
https://doi.org/10.34012/tphr.2023.07105
- Luna, A. L., & Reyes, V. C. (2023). Smoking behaviors and academic progression: The impact of incomplete college education on tobacco dependence. Journal of Preventive Health Education, 18(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.52305/jphe.2023.18210
- Morales, K. G., & Cheng, A. M. (2024). Health literacy and smoking cessation: A pathway through higher education in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Health Promotion, 9(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/ajhp.2024.00900127
- Nguyen, M. T., & Ramirez, J. R. (2023). Social contexts and cigarette use among Southeast Asian young adults: A mixed-methods review. Journal of Global Tobacco Research, 4(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jt34z
- Ramos, C. J., & Lee, H. Y. (2024). Peer influence and adolescent smoking: Evidence from urban public schools in the Philippines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 36(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395241234567
- Torres, L. D., Abad, F. M., & Uy, R. S. (2023). Digital media and smoking behaviors among Filipino adults: The new landscape of tobacco marketing. Philippine Journal of Health Communication, 5(3), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8354671
- Lopez, M. D., Tan, E. J., & Cruz, A. V. (2023). Perceived health risks of tobacco use among Filipino urban populations: A public awareness study. Southeast Asian Journal of Public Health, 9(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/sajph.2023.09267
- Guerrero, F. S., & Lim, J. P. (2024). Secondhand smoke exposure and knowledge among Southeast Asian households: Implications for family-centered tobacco control. Tobacco Prevention & Control, 11(1), 13–22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/tpc.2024.110102
- Yap, R. C., & Santos, R. M. (2023). Cardiovascular consequences of smoking in low-resource settings: Knowledge gaps in Filipino communities. Journal of Global Cardiovascular Health, 6(3), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1186/jgch.2023.063010
- Velasco, L. J., & Luna, A. V. (2023). Public awareness and barriers to accessing tobacco cessation programs in peri-urban Philippine communities. Philippine Journal of Community Health, 12(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.52975/pjch.2023.121003
- World Health Organization. (2023). Toolkit for delivering the 5A’s and 5R’s brief tobacco interventions in primary care. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073910
- Gonzales, A. M., & Trinidad, F. R. (2023). Perceived effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy in smoking cessation: A local health center perspective. Journal of Tobacco Research in the Philippines, 8(2), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/jtrph.2023.082045
- Reyes, K. L., Santos, M. J., & De Leon, B. R. (2024). Integrating respiratory therapists into tobacco cessation programs: A Philippine hospital model. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Promotion, 11(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/apjhp.2024.110033
- Lopez, M. A., Cruz, R. T., & Alcantara, J. D. (2023). Public readiness and demand for smoking-cessation services in Southeast Asia: A community survey. Tobacco Control and Prevention Journal, 12(1), 14–22.
- Reyes, K. L., & Santos, M. J. (2024). Community perception of tobacco cessation clinics led by health professionals in urban Philippines. Asian Pacific Journal of Public Health, 11(2), 58–67.
- Garcia, P. R., & Villanueva, M. E. (2023). Impact of targeted cessation initiatives: Evaluating the effectiveness of specialized clinics in reducing tobacco use. Journal of Global Tobacco Research, 5(3), 77–85.
- World Health Organization. (2023). Toolkit for delivering brief tobacco interventions in primary Geneva: WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073910
- Reyes, J. R., & Luna, M. C. (2024). Community preferences in smoking cessation leadership: A cross-sectional study in urban Philippines. Philippine Journal of Pulmonary and Public Health, 8(1), 44–52.
- World Health Organization. (2023). Toolkit for delivering comprehensive tobacco cessation services in primary care. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073910
- Tan, C. R., & Dominguez, A. L. (2024). Evaluating public perceptions on integrated smoking cessation programs in urban Philippine communities. Journal of Community and Preventive Medicine, 12(2), 55–63.
- Lopez, M. & Santos, C. (2023). Perceptions of healthcare provider roles in smoking cessation: A focus on respiratory therapy. Philippine Journal of Pulmonary Care, 18(2), 35–44.
- Reyes, J. & de la Cruz, M. (2024). Therapeutic communication in smoking cessation: Trust-building between respiratory therapists and patients. Journal of Community Health Strategies, 10(1), 21–30.
- Tan, R. & Villanueva, L. (2023). The role of allied health professionals in tobacco control A systematic review from Southeast Asia. Asian Journal of Respiratory Health, 7(3), 48–59.
- Martinez, J. R., Lopez, S. & Abella, F. (2023). Barriers to smoking cessation among Filipino urban populations: A behavioral and environmental assessment. Asian Journal of Public Health, 10(2), 77–89.
- Gonzales, A. & Javier, R. (2024). Understanding patient hesitancy in tobacco cessation: Implications for primary care programs in Southeast Asia. Journal of Global Health Promotion, 11(1), 22–30.
- Cruz, M. A., Del Mundo, R., & Villena, J. (2023). Structural challenges to smoking cessation in Philippine barangays: Insights for localized interventions. Philippine Journal of Health Policy, 18(1), 39–47.
- Santos, R. C., & Manalo, M. P. (2024). Inclusive design in tobacco control: Addressing disparities in access to cessation services. Journal of Community Health Equity, 9(1), 65–72.
- Lopez, M. A., & Tan, C. R. (2023). Harnessing community support in behavioral health programs: Lessons from tobacco cessation efforts in Southeast Asia. Philippine Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 55–63.
- Bautista, L. R., & Navarro, E. G. (2024). Enabling factors for tobacco cessation in low-income urban communities: A qualitative exploration. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Promotion, 12(1), 18–26.
- Reyes, J. M., & Dizon, K. A. (2023). Peer-led interventions and the power of local role models in smoking cessation. Journal of Community-Based Health Interventions, 8(3), 77–85.
- Garcia, P. L., & Santos, R. J. (2024). Strengthening local tobacco control through public-private partnerships in the Philippines. Global Tobacco Policy and Practice, 6(1), 43–50.
- Del Rosario, M. A., & Javier, L. R. (2023). Peer influence and smoking persistence: A social network analysis in Philippine urban settings. Asian Journal of Social and Health Behavior, 5(2), 78–85.
- Yap, K. D., & Francisco, J. R. (2024). Psychosocial determinants of smoking cessation motivation in low-resource communities. Journal of Behavioral Medicine in Southeast Asia, 9(1), 31–39.
- Manalo, V. C., & Cruz, E. P. (2023). Health service mistrust and the barriers to preventive care among urban smokers. Philippine Journal of Health Equity, 10(3), 44–52.
- Cabral, G. R., & Santiago, F. B. (2024). Post-relapse dropout in smoking cessation programs: Understanding retention challenges. Tobacco Research and Public Health, 6(1), 13–22.

