The Problems Facing the Organization and Operation of City Governments under the Central Government in Vietnam

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This article delves into the intricate challenges confronted by city governments operating under the central governance framework in Vietnam. Examining the organizational and operational aspects, the study sheds light on the multifaceted issues inherent to the configuration and functioning of these city-level administrative bodies. By critically assessing the dynamics of central-local power dynamics, decision-making autonomy, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and the role of urban planning, the article elucidates the complex landscape in which these city governments operate. Drawing from a comprehensive analysis of legal provisions, government resolutions, and policy implementations, the study highlights the pressing concerns and barriers faced by city governments. In doing so, the article contributes to a nuanced understanding of the governance structure in Vietnam and offers insights into potential avenues for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of city governance within the overarching framework of the central government.

Implementation of Integrated Language Skills in English Teaching Process

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Integrated Language Skills (ILS) is an approach considered to integrate the four language skills into teaching learning activities in order to develop students’ communicative competence. This research aimed to investigate teachers’ implementation of ILS and the challenges in implementing ILS in teaching learning process. The participants were four English teachers and chosen by using purposive sampling technique. The research findings revealed that all of the teachers only integrated two and three language skills in English teaching process, except for one teacher implemented the four language skills in a meeting.  Whereas, the challenges faced by the teachers in implementing ILS in teaching process were: students’ less interest and motivation in learning English, teachers were lack of competence and creativity in allocating time of teaching duration, school’s facilities were not maximally adequate. Therefore, teachers were expected to attend teaching training to develop their competences in terms of preparing materials and equipment, strategies or techniques in conveying teaching material such as giving them short video or games to motivate them before learning started. These things can be forwarded by school capacity to inadequate attention language skills integration.

An Investigation into the Demotivating Factors in Learning English of English-Majored Sophomores at Tay Do University

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Demotivating factors seem to be rarely mentioned when discussing students’ learning, but the influence of demotivating factors on students’ learning outcomes is undeniable, especially for students who are learning English. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out the factors that contribute to demotivating English-majored sophomores at Tay Do University. As a part of the study, 82 students from the English course 16 were selected as participants. During the study process, these participants were given questionnaires, which consisted of several statements related to the demotivating factors and an interview to get more information. The collected data from the two instruments mentioned above were all analyzed afterward. The results of the study showed that students were affected by demotivating factors in many aspects. These accounted for learner-related, subject-related, learning context-related, parent-related, and teacher-related demotivating factors. Based on the results of the study, some implications and recommendations were offered in order to help students and teachers in the learning and teaching process get better results.

Kaksay na Pagpangugnan and Its Implication in the Lives of Young Tagakaolo Couples

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This study explored kaksay na pagpangugnan and its implication in the lives of young Tagakaolo couples. This study used phenomenological inquiry and purposive sampling. Data was gathered through In-depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The data analysis identified four themes in the Tagakaolo couples’ experiences with kaksay na pagpangugnan: financial problems will really dominate; socio-emotional challenges are also present; couples feel mixed regrets, happiness, and confusion; and parents are their support system. Twelve themes emerged as the challenges coping mechanisms of Tagakaolo couples’ who undergone kaksay na pagpangugnan: lack of money due to joblessness; difficulty of finding jobs due to lack of education; difficulty with household chores; support from parents still needed; frequent quarrels and misunderstanding, physical limitations of the body because of youth; limited freedom; had to find jobs as laborers; work hard for the future and ask help from mother; work every day and try to give child a good education; find ways to make a living; and engage in farming work not for self but for family. Another four themes emerged from the Tagakaolo couples’ insights: do not marry early; survival is difficult with early marriage; not much happiness is experienced; and multi-tasking has to be done. The study suggests that teachers and academic institutions could help create an intervention or remediation program for their students to mitigate early marriage.

Types of Reading Anxiety in Association to Reading Strategy at Junior High School Setting

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This research determines the association between three dimensions of reading anxiety and reading strategy. It uses a quantitative approach of correlational design. 146 eighth-graders students in junior high school were involved as the sample. Two kinds of questionnaires were applied to obtain the research data. The EFL Reading Anxiety Scale (EFLRAI) was used to find out the students’ reading anxiety, and the Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire (LLSQ) was utilized to acquire the students’ responses related to their learning strategy. The research data were analyzed using descriptive testing to acquire the mean score and Pearson Correlation Product Moment to gain the correlation score. This study reveals that there was a high level of the top-down, the bottom-up, classroom, and the overall reading anxiety, while the students applied a moderate level of reading strategy. The result of the correlation testing revealed that top-down and bottom-up reading anxieties gained a low relationship on reading strategy. However, classroom reading anxiety had a low correlation on reading strategy. In addition, all reading anxieties separately and simultaneously have a positive relationship towards reading strategy, in which classroom reading anxiety obtains the highest relationship on reading strategy with a score of correlation was 0.207. This study contributes to aid the teacher in recognizing the students’ reading anxiety that must be reduced to gain better reading strategies.

The Effect of Economic Growth, Education Level, and Energy Subsidies on Income Inequality in Indonesia in 2005-2019

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Income equality is the ideal of every country, to achieve it requires cooperation between the government and the community. This study aims to determine the effect of economic growth, education level, and energy subsidies on income inequality in Indonesia. This study used secondary data in the form of time series in 2005-2019 obtained from the world bank, the central statistics agency and the Ministry of Finance. The method used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The results obtained in this study show that the variable level of education and energy subsidies actually increases income inequality due to suboptimal policies, while the economic growth variable does not reduce income inequality due to economic activities focused on the upper class.

The Influence of Online Customer Reviews and Trust on Purchasing Decisions in E-Commerce Lazada in Surabaya City

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This study investigated the impact of online customer reviews and trust on purchasing choices made on Surabaya City’s Lazada e-commerce site. Utilizing quantitative research techniques, this investigation. 98 respondents from Surabaya city residents who were at least 17 years old and had made transactions on the e-commerce site Lazada made up the sample for this study. Non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling strategy was the sampling technique employed. Information gathered through handing out surveys. The SmartPLS 3.0 application is used in the data analysis approach, which employs Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The findings demonstrated that Lazada’s e-commerce in Surabaya city is positively and significantly impacted by online customer reviews and trust.

Theory, Literature Review, and Fun Learning Method Effectiveness in Teaching and Learning

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The utilisation of the fun learning approach is a component of the pedagogical methodology employed by educators. This approach is considered to be a key component within the field of pedagogy, specifically in the context of teacher-teaching. This document serves as a conceptual paper that encompasses several elements, including theoretical frameworks, key findings from scholarly literature on freelancing, and an examination of the effects resulting from the integration of enjoyable educational approaches. The idea proposed in this study is the Fullan Education Transformation idea (2001). According to the literature, the utilisation of enjoyable instructional approaches yields numerous advantages, including enhanced preparedness levels among both teachers and students, effective management of student misbehaviour, increased engagement in the learning process, improved academic performance, expanded cognitive horizons for students, heightened motivation, mastery of subject matter, and a greater enthusiasm for learning. This concept paper serves as a valuable resource and point of reference for reviewers, particularly within the realm of education.

Early Childhood Education Learning Management in Improving Children’s Language Skills with Storytelling Method

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This research aims to describe the management of early childhood learning by using a storytelling method in improving language at Dharma Wanita Siwalan Kindergarten. The steps of this research are as follows, (1) learning planning, (2) organizing learning, (3) implementing learning, and (4) assessing learning.

The descriptive qualitative approach was used as the method of this research, the type of this research is a case study design at Dharma Wanita Siwalan Kindergarten. The researcher chose the management of early childhood learning by using the storytelling method in improving language skills as the object of this research. Furthermore, the researcher conducted interview, observation, and documentation as research methods. The data analysis technique used in this research is the data collection model, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.

The processes of data collection and analysis carried out by the researchers are as follows: (1) Making a semester activity plan (RKS). The next process is the preparation of RKM using the RKH format. After that, researcher prepared teaching activities. (2) Organizing activities carried out by the school principal. Then, in improving language skills, on the storytelling method, the teacher allocated it to language lessons, (3) The implementation of learning with the storytelling method was carried out in the form of fairy tales, stories of Prophets, and spontaneous stories. It is intended for children to be able to see and remember the incident. (4) Assessment on performance, observation, structured and unstructured conversations, and using a liaison book.

Early Childhood Education (ECE) is one of the platforms used to develop and add professionalism to Early Childhood Education (ECE) managers. The expansion and acceleration of Early Childhood Education (ECE) services is one of the strategic policies established by the Ministry of National Education. As a result of this policy, the addition and capacity of Early Childhood Education education is a demand that cannot be ignored. Physically, children experience extraordinary development, starting from the growth of brain cells and other organs. One of them happened at Dharma Wanita Siwalan Kindergarten, where students’ language skills were improved through the storytelling method at school. The expansion and acceleration of Early Childhood Education (ECE) services is one of the strategic policies created by the Ministry of National Education.

Adaptation of Therapeutic Communication Models between Deaf Students: A Case Study at Aluna School

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The limitations of deaf children in communicating in social life can be developed through therapeutic communication carried out by therapists through AVT therapy. The purpose of this study is to describe the communication model used by deaf children at Aluna School in the school environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study method conducted in the Aluna School environment. Data collection techniques with observations, interviews and documentation. The results of this study showed that deaf children use communication patterns, namely wheel patterns, therapists as the center of attention. Deaf children in improving literacy need stimulation and the Monteasori method can be used in stimulating by converting activities carried out by deaf children into simple words, sentences and paragraphs. Therapeutic communication is carried out by therapists through AVT therapy and Montessori methods in stimulating the five senses of deaf children. Deaf children in adapting to their school environment can use total communication models, namely verbal and nonverbal in interacting with their environment, both friends, teachers, therapists and parents.