Tanzimat Reforms and the Ottoman Empire’s Reaction to Western Powers, 1839-1876

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The Ottoman Empire entered the 19th century under pressure to preserve its existence against Western powers. Dismissing the illusions of past superiority, the Ottoman court acknowledged that reforms had to be instituted to end the Empire’s long-time stagnation and instability. The Tanzimat reform movement was the most significant reaction of the Ottoman Empire to the Western powers during the period between 1839 and 1876. During the Tanzimat period, all aspects of the empire were reshaped in a new way with certain success. Through Tanzimat, the Ottoman Empire continued to preserve its position as one of the major powers of the European political order, re-established its autonomy in domestic affairs, and successfully defended its sovereignty in many disputed regions with considerable might against a powerful emerging West.

Correlating Managerial Activities, Academic Supervision, and Teacher Competence in Public Elementary Schools

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The objective of this study is to explore the immediate links between the management practices of principals and the organizational atmosphere, as well as the direct connections between the academic oversight by principals and the professional skills of public elementary school educators in the Kuripan District of Barito Kuala Regency. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this investigation employs a correlational study design that is articulated through a path analysis framework. The study encompasses a total of 55 educators, with the sample including the entire population via a comprehensive sampling method. The methodology for gathering data incorporates the use of surveys and the examination of PKG (Teacher Performance Assessment) records. The analysis of the data involves descriptive statistics, tests for normality, linearity, and multicollinearity prerequisites, alongside assessments of validity and reliability, and the execution of multiple regression analyses for hypothesis testing, including t-tests, F tests, and evaluations of effective and relative contributions, in addition to path analysis. Findings indicate a direct correlation between the principals’ managerial roles and the professional capabilities of teachers at 0.352, between principals’ managerial roles and the organizational environment at 0.424, between academic oversight and teachers’ professional capabilities at 0.335, between academic oversight and the organizational environment at 0.380, and between the organizational environment and teachers’ professional capabilities at 0.346. Indirect correlations were observed between managerial activities of principals through the organizational climate on teachers’ professional capabilities at 0.147, and academic oversight through organizational climate impacting teachers’ professional capabilities (Y) at 0.131. In summary, the study confirms both direct and indirect associations between the managerial tasks of principals and academic oversight, mediated by the organizational climate, with the professional competence of teachers.

Role Playing to Improve English Vocabulary Ability in Speaking Skill

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In this study, initially scoring at 2.15, the objective was to enhance students’ English vocabulary for speaking through a role-playing learning strategy, using a Collaborative Classroom Action Research approach. The methodology involved stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection in distinct cycles, each comprising two meetings. Data were collected using methods like speaking skill evaluations, questionnaires on role-playing practice, and field notes. The participants were fourth-semester students of the D3 English Study Program at Madiun State Polytechnic. Notably, student scores in speaking vocabulary improved across cycles, from 2.42 in the first to 3.15 in the third, meeting the success criterion of 3.01 and demonstrating the effectiveness of the role-playing strategy in the learning process.

Development of Interactive Poetry Writing Teaching Materials with Smart Themed Differentiated Learning Design in Class X SMA Brawijaya Smart School

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Indonesian language and literature learning currently has many learning resources, but interactive learning resources that suit the needs of teachers and students are still rarely found. Existing learning resources are usually presented in full in textbooks. The learning material is presented in accordance with the basic competencies listed in the curriculum so that it looks less attractive to students. The aim of this research is to develop interactive poetry writing teaching materials with a SMART-themed differentiation learning design for class X SMA Brawijaya Smart School students. It is hoped that the development of teaching materials will help learning to write poetry. Development research steps include needs analysis, product development, conducting small group trials according to the setting in which the product is used, and revising the results of product trials. This research uses a development procedure adapted from the Borg & Gall development model which produces 7 steps, namely (1) information collection, (2) planning, (3) product draft development, (4) product validation, (5) feasibility testing, ( 6) product revision, and (7) final product. In this research, the data collection techniques used were through interview guides, validation sheets, and student questionnaires. The data analysis carried out involved descriptive analysis techniques, both qualitative and quantitative. The results of the development process have several main menus that can help students, such as homepage, introduction, learning objectives, materials, learning videos, and evaluation. Based on the results of the assessment, validation by content and language experts is included in the very appropriate/valid criteria, namely 97.2% and 95.8%. Likewise, the validation of learning and media design experts is included in the very feasible/valid criteria, namely 95.8% and 93.7%. The assessment of the student questionnaire also includes very appropriate/valid criteria, namely student characteristics of 81.3% and level of understanding of material regarding procedural texts of 83.7%. The results from the teacher questionnaire were assessed with very appropriate/valid criteria, namely the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching materials was 93.75%, the systematics of teaching materials was 87.5%, the language was 100%, and the appearance of teaching materials was 88.8%. The conclusion of this research is that the development of interactive poetry writing teaching materials with a SMART-themed differentiation learning design in class X SMA Brawijaya Smart School is very suitable/valid for use in the learning process. Suggestions for future research are to conduct in-depth trials on the effectiveness of web-based teaching material products with differentiated learning designs and disseminate web-based teaching material products with differentiated learning designs in schools that have the same characteristics.

The Image of Men in the Pararaton Translation by KI J. Padmapuspita and the Novel Ken Angrok Sang Brahmaputera by Damar Shashangka (Masculinity Approach)

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This research aims to 1) Reveal the image of men’s physical strength in the translation of Pararaton by Ki J. Padmapuspita and the novel Ken Angrok by Damar Shashangka through a masculinity approach. 2) Reveal the image of male courage in the translation of Pararaton by Ki J. Padmapuspita and the novel Ken Angrok by Damar Shashangka through a Masculinity Approach. 3) Revealing the image of male social relations in the translation of Pararaton by Ki J. Padmapuspita and the novel Ken Angrok by Damar Shashangka through a masculinity approach. 4) Revealing the image of the male mindset in the translation of Pararaton by Ki J. Padmapuspita and the novel Ken Angrok by Damar Shashangka through a masculinity approach. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely a method that provides solutions to problems that are observed by describing or depicting the state of the research object or subject. A researcher of literary works is required to reveal emerging facts or data by providing descriptions. This research resulted in 1) Ken Arok is someone who has strength and physical abilities but has an angry nature and often loses control. 2) Masculinity is not always related to strength and dominance, but also in the form of courage to sacrifice oneself for others. Wiraraja was a man who was intelligent, cunning and full of tactics. 3) Lembong as Ken Arok’s father has initiative and social values. Taun Sahaja and Tita are people who have a good social spirit. And Ken Arok is depicted in a social structure that is very dominating over the opposite sex. And has the ambition to rise in social status.

Development of Infographic Based Biographical Text Teaching Materials with QR Code Assistance for Class X SMA Students

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Indonesian language learning at SMA Negeri 1 Blitar for biographical text material has not been carried out well due to the use of teaching materials that have not been varied. Teaching materials for biographical text material need to be developed to support the implementation of learning activities. The development of biographical text teaching materials based on infographics with the help of QR codes for class The aim of this research is to (1) describe the needs analysis, (2) describe the development process, and (3) describe the feasibility of product development for infographic teaching materials assisted by QR code biographical text material for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Blitar.  This teaching material was developed based on the Borg & Gall development model which consists of three stages, namely 1) needs analysis as a preliminary study, 2) product development, and 3) feasibility test of the final product. The validity of the product being developed can be determined through material expert validation and media expert validation activities. The validation results show that the biographical text teaching material product based on QR code-assisted infographics for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Blitar is very suitable for use in the learning process.

Lived Experiences of Teacher-Writers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, teacher-writers were at the forefront of developing instructional materials that became in demand by both teachers and learners. The instructional materials produced by the teacher-writers served as major learning tools for remediation, enhancement, and mastery of specific learning competencies. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to examine the lived experiences of these teacher-writers in the province of Sorsogon for the school years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. It also analyzed the crafting and coping mechanisms faced by the teacher-writers during the pandemic. The data were gathered through a structured interview with seven elementary teacher-writers in the province of Sorsogon. The informants’ responses were transcribed verbatim, translated, and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Findings revealed that elementary teacher-writers were adjusting throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the development of instructional materials, insufficient experience, inadequate training, and a scarcity of resources pose significant challenges for most teacher-writers. However, despite their experiences, teacher-writers have shown optimism to continue as teacher-writers even after the pandemic. As a result, the researchers identified coping mechanisms to help teacher-writers navigate their writing journey beyond the pandemic.

Development of a Contextual Disaster Mitigation Teaching Module for East Java to Increase Student Interest in Social Science

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The aim of this research is to determine the feasibility of developing a teaching module for contextual disaster mitigation material in East Java and to determine students’ responses to the development of a teaching module for contextual disaster mitigation in East Java. The research method uses the four D (4D) design stages, namely, define, design, develop, and disseminate. Data were collected using a questionnaire on a Likert scale to determine the feasibility of the teaching module and students’ responses to the teaching module’s introduction. The results of the questionnaire processing showed that the East Java contextual disaster mitigation teaching module that had been developed received 84% feasibility from experts, so it was considered very suitable for application in learning. In the response aspect, students answered that 68% strongly agreed if the East Java contextual disaster mitigation teaching module was applied in Social Sciences learning.

The Role of High-Quality Human Resources in Dung Quat Economic Zone in the Development Process of The Vietnam’s Central Economic Region

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A rapid and sustainable economic growth requires three basic factors: the adoption of new technologies, the development of modern infrastructure facilities, and the enhancement of human resources quality. The process of developing human resources involves transforming the quantity, quality, and structure of the workforce to better meet the demands of the economy. In the process of promoting industrialization and modernization, human resources play a decisive role, especially high-quality human resources. This is also an critical factor for the development of the productive force and economic growth rate of a country. Within the scope of this article, the author focuses on analyzing the role of high-quality human resources in the development of the Dung Quat Economic Zone (EZ) in the central economic region of Vietnam.

Legal Legality in Managing UMKM Business Online

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Understanding this legality is very important for MSME players. It can also provide confidence to customers, business partners, and investors that the MSME business is run with integrity and in accordance with established standards. The development of information technology in the era of globalisation has caused the world to become free and caused various social dynamics to occur directly, continuously and quickly, so that the life lived by humans feels easier, as well as freedom in making choices in life. What is currently growing rapidly is the occurrence of transactions and buying and selling agreements that do not require direct face-to-face contact, but can be done through the world of information technology connected to the internet network.

Through the internet, communities that specialise in trading certain goods are now starting to grow. Business people are now starting to join sites that accommodate their communities. These sites require users to become members first, but some do not. As an online shop that offers goods to be traded via the internet (Ecommerce).