An Investigation on the Implementation of Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Selected Schools in Petauke District

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This study investigated the implementation of early childhood education among schools in Petauke District.  Despite a high enrolment rate, the children entering primary school have low levels of reading and writing skills. The study considered the benefits of ECE; the associated challenges and alternative approaches for effective implementation. Using the mixed research design, the study drew a sample of 90 respondents from 10 schools which included teachers, school administrators and parents. Data was collected by means of semi-structured questionnaires, an interview guide and focus group discussions. A combination of statistical descriptive analysis and thematic analysis was adequate for data analysis. The study found that ECE was beneficial for development of reading and writing skills; acquisition of knowledge and continuity of education to higher levels. The major challenges in ECE implementation were poor teachers’ understanding of ECE curriculum; negative attitude of parents towards ECE; poor water and sanitation; lack of ECE trained staff; poor infrastructure for ECE centres; and lack of teaching and learning materials. The alternative measures put in place included: parental sensitization and school feeding program. The overall conclusion is that the challenges and inadequacies faced by primary schools to implement ECE arise from the gaps in policy implementation and extend to institutional and domestic factors. The study contributes to the understanding that the rolling out of ECE in rural areas lags behind and that much can be done by involving the local communities and utilising available materials.

Teaching and Learning Safely: Pupils and Teachers’ Perspectives on Classroom Safety Management in Selected Schools of Southern Province of Zambia

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The management of safety in schools is essential for creating safe and healthy learning environments for pupils and staff. Using descriptive research design, which involved qualitative data collection and analysis, this study explored pupils and teachers’ perspectives on classroom safety management in selected schools of Southern province of Zambia. The study used homogenous purposive sampling to select schools and participants for the study. A total of 4 schools were sampled. 8 teachers were sampled purposefully. More so, 16 pupils were sampled purposefully. The selection criteria included schools with a diverse range of pupil populations and teachers with varying levels of experience. Data was collected using in-depth interviews (teachers) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for pupils. Classroom observations were used to collect data on classroom behavior and interactions between pupils and teachers. A checklist was used to take note of missing items in classrooms. Document analysis was used to review school policies and procedures related to classroom safety management and to identify areas where improvements may be needed. The qualitative data collected from the in-depth interviews and FGD were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes in the data. From research evidence, the benefits of classroom safety management include improved academic performance, reduced absenteeism, and better mental and physical health outcomes for learners. However, managing safety classrooms in schools presented numerous challenges, such as risk assessment, emergency preparedness, and ongoing training and education for pupils, teachers and other stakeholders. To overcome the challenges and realize the benefits of safety management in classrooms, there is need for effective collaboration and communication among all members of the school community, including pupils, staff, parents, and community partners, is essential.

Mental Health and Employment of Vietnam Preschool Teachers in Covid-19: A Research in Hanoi, Vietnam

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The Covid-19 pandemic has been having a very strong impact on the entire education system in Vietnam. In our education system, it can be said that preschool education is completely “frozen”. Unlike other grades where teaching is still carried out online, preschool education with its own characteristics has completely stopped all activities for quite a long time. Therefore, there have not seen any signs of reopening for preschools. This article presents some of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on preschool teachers – one of the subjects who are suffering the most severely from the consequences of the pandemic, in terms of (1) mental health and (2) jobs.

Development of Indonesian Business Contract Law in The Globalization Era

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In business activities in Indonesia, contracts are the basic framework that is used as a framework for relationships for economic actors. The principle of contract law is regulated in the Civil Code. Contracts can give rise to rights and obligations for the parties making the contract. Thus contracts play an important role in doing business in Indonesia. Contract law has existed since the days of Egyptian and Mesopotamian society around 3-4 centuries before Christ and has always experienced developments until now. The development of contract law in countries that adhere to the Common Law system is based on the doctrine of Promissory Estoppel and consideration, where there is an agreement followed by certain legal actions to fulfill the agreement already able to claim compensation, and there is a reciprocal relationship. This development also occurred in the Netherlands where an agreement that was not final but already had legal actions to fulfill the agreement could also claim compensation based on the principle of good faith. The development of contract law in Indonesia is still based on fulfilling the requirements for the validity of the agreement stipulated in article 1320 of the Civil Code, so that it can be called classic contract law. Legal actions that have not been based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code do not yet have legal consequences, so that losses arising from pre-contracts do not receive compensation. Assessment of current contract law, it is necessary to pay close attention to other developments through the development of contract law in other countries or through statutory regulations, which where the aggrieved party at the time of the agreement can claim compensation.

Perception of Business Education Undergraduates in Universities of South-South Nigeria on E-Advertising of Goods and Services

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This study investigated the perception of Business Education Undergraduates in Universities of South-South Nigeria on e-advertising of goods and services. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 661 from which 370 were randomly sampled for the study. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The data obtained were analysed through the use of mean and standard deviation for the research question. The hypothesis was tested with Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that the perception of Business Education undergraduates on e-advertising of goods and services is high, and that a significant relationship exists between the perception of Business Education undergraduates and effectiveness of e-advertising. It was therefore, recommended that business owners should integrate e-advertising into their businesses so as to increase their productivity and earning power.

Teaching Methods and Teachers Conference/Seminar Attendance: The Gateway to Quality Education in Nigeria

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Nigeria is one of the few nations in the world that prioritizes educational excellence. Teachers play an essential role in their students’ development both academically and personally; therefore, it is imperative that they possess qualities such as subject matter expertise, ethical and intellectual vigilance, a genuine interest in their students, and the competence to carry out their duties effectively. This is only possible with sufficient training and seminar participation. Teachers may benefit from going to a seminar in many ways, including improving their communication skills, learning new information, making new connections, and becoming re-inspired. In order to ensure that the stated goals are met, a teacher must take on several hats in the classroom. He takes on the responsibilities of a parent and a confidant in addition to those of a boss, depending on the circumstances. All of these can be modified to improve schooling standards. In light of this, this paper investigates how teachers’ pedagogical practices and participation in professional development opportunities like conferences and seminars contribute to improving education quality in Nigeria.

Law Enforcement Ethics and Morality Contribution in Reducing the Culture of Corruption

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Integrity and public trust can be bolstered when law enforcement agencies act ethically and morally, making them powerful tools in the fight against corruption. Law enforcement officials have high ethical standards and are expected to treat everyone equally and impartially. The greatest benefit of ethical and moral law enforcement is that it helps reduce corruption. By ensuring that law enforcers adhere to the ideals of fairness and honesty in their daily work, ethics and morals can help reduce corruption. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature approach and a statutory approach. The results of the study state that efforts that can be made to maintain law enforcement professionalism are by increasing knowledge about ethics and morality, fostering a sense of moral responsibility, strengthening the internal control system, and imposing sanctions on those who violate these standards. In addition, strengthening the interaction between law enforcers and the community as well as improving the quality of service and performance of law enforcement officials is very important in increasing public trust in law enforcement. All of these things are essential to building a respectable and professional policing.

Inside the Studio: A Closer Look at Studio-Based Learning in Architecture Education

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The studio has emerged as a preeminent approach in architecture education, offering students a hands-on opportunity to cultivate and apply their design talents. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the studio in architecture education. The paper starts with a brief historical overview of architecture education, tracing the origins of studio-based learning. The curriculum content of architecture education is scrutinised, and the different types of courses offered are analysed. The paper subsequently investigates the dual nature of the studio, both as a pedagogical approach and a physical space, highlighting the different studio learning models that have arisen. The paper also explores the characteristics of the studio, including its interactive design teaching and learning environment, its distinct culture, and its role as a design life space. The studio users are considered, including the interaction between peers, instructors, and students. The paper highlights the pivotal role of studio culture in shaping the education and values of future architects. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive account of the studio in architecture education, providing insights into its history, curriculum content, dual nature, learning models, characteristics, users, and culture. By providing a comprehensive overview of the studio in architecture education, this paper offers valuable insights for architects, educators, and policymakers seeking to enhance the quality of architecture education and its impact on the profession.

Introduction to Energy Accounting in Higher Education: A Theoretical Discussion

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This review discusses the importance of energy accounting in the curriculum of accounting study programs at universities in Indonesia. Commitment to energy conservation in industry is important to get attention because it has become a commitment from the Indonesian government. Energy conservation has the form of efficiency, savings, and energy management. In the context of higher education, energy accounting discusses energy audits, environmental accounting, green accounting, energy saving measures, as well as other energy cases such as greenwashing and others. Energy accounting learning needs to be followed up to be included in the curriculum of the accounting study program as a form of the commitment of the younger generation to energy conservation. So far, energy accounting has not been specifically discussed. Several universities teach energy accounting in the sub-chapters of social and environmental accounting, sustainability accounting, and green accounting. The next hope is that energy accounting will become a separate subject by getting the full portion of the lesson. The contribution of this review is to improve the accounting study program curriculum so that it has benefits for future accounting developments.

Teachers and pupils’ perspectives on Teaching and Learning of Geography in selected schools of Luapula and Lusaka provinces of Zambia: Benefits, Challenges and Prospects

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Geography education in schools plays a critical role in providing pupils with a comprehensive understanding of the world around them. Using descriptive research design, which involved qualitative data collection and analysis, this study explored pupils and teachers’ perspectives on benefits, challenges and prospects of learning and teaching geography in schools. The study used homogenous purposive sampling to select schools and participants for the study. A total of 4 schools were sampled. 8 geography teachers were sampled purposefully. More so, 16 pupils who studied geography were sampled purposefully. The selection criteria included schools with a diverse range of pupil populations and geography teachers with varying levels of experience. Data was collected using in-depth interviews (teachers) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for pupils. The qualitative data collected from the in-depth interviews and FGD were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes in the data. The study reviewed that geography promotes the development of critical thinking skills, global awareness, and a sense of environmental responsibility. However, teaching and learning geography in schools could also present significant challenges, such as limited instructional time and materials, inadequate resources, and a lack of teachers, among others. Despite these challenges, the study reviewed that there were many promising prospects for geography education, including improved digital literacy, increased interdisciplinary learning, and enhanced global citizenship.