Archive for year: 2025

English-speaking anxiety presents a considerable challenge for non-native English-speaking freshmen in higher education, impacting their academic performance, classroom engagement, and self-confidence. Despite the importance of English proficiency for academic success and career readiness, many Filipino students struggle with significant anxiety in speaking English, especially in classroom settings. Building on Horwitz et al.’s (1986) Foreign Language Anxiety theory and using data collected from 206 respondents, this study found that classroom environment has the most substantial impact on language anxiety, with elements such as classroom dynamics, peer interactions, and physical settings shaping the overall learning atmosphere. Learner characteristics, including personal traits and responses, also affect anxiety levels, though their influence is less pronounced compared to environmental and instructional factors. Teacher influence, encompassing teaching methods, feedback style, and the ability to create a supportive environment, further contributes to anxiety levels. The study highlights the need for a balanced approach that considers each factor to effectively manage and reduce language anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to determine the level and determine the relationship and influence between job satisfaction and early retirement aspirations of primary school teachers in Perak. This study uses a quantitative approach through survey methods in collecting data. A total of 379 respondents from primary schools in twelve districts in Perak were surveyed using the stratified random sampling method. The data have been statistically analyzed, descriptive and inferential. The findings showed that the level of job satisfaction was high (mean=3.97, sd=0.40) while teachers’ desire to retire early was low (mean=2.32, sd=0.78). There are also differences in job satisfaction levels based on the location of the place of service. The variables of early retirement intention also showed differences in the level of demographic factors, location, place of service and also the length of service of the respondents. Next, there was a moderately strong but significant negative relationship between the two variables (r=-0.31, p<.05). In conclusion, only three of the seven hypotheses of the studies tested failed to be rejected because they showed insignificant values.

This study was located in the interpretive paradigm. Interpretive research paradigm involves a qualitative approach to inquiry that seeks to understand and interpret the meanings individuals ascribe to their lived experiences, interactions and social phenomena. The study investigated administrators’ practices towards the inclusion of learners with special education needs in three selected regular schools of Livingstone district.  The objective of the study was to establish school administrators’ practices employed to promote the inclusion of learners with special education needs in regular schools. A qualitative case study design was used. The sample comprised 14 participants; 3 head teachers, 3 deputy head teachers, 3 senior teachers and 5 class teachers.  Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions and observation check list. Participants were selected through use of homogeneous and expert purposive sampling technique. Analysis of data was done thematically. The study revealed that the most common school administrators’ practices were monitoring, coaching, sensitization and enrolling of learners with special needs in the schools. Through monitoring, the administrators made sure that teachers used the right pedagogies in order to meet individual learners’ needs. Administrators ensured that all learners were treated in the same way regardless of their individual differences. The school administrators sensitized the school community on matters concerning different disabilities. Coaching was done regularly after every monitoring. It was evident that enrolment of learners with disabilities in regular schools was done without following the rightful procedures leading to wrong placement of such learners. All learners were expected to move at the same pace to achieve the set objectives of the lesson which often disadvantaged the learners with disabilities. The study recommends that school administrators should continue sensitizing the school community on matters of disabilities. School administrator should be trained in special and inclusive education. Ministry of Education should provide necessary equipment and materials needed by learners with disabilities in schools.

A bank is a business entity whose primary activity is to collect funds from the public in the form of deposits and distribute them as loans or other forms of credit to maintain economic stability and improve the welfare of society. The purpose of this research is to examine several factors that contribute to customer loyalty. This study can be classified as descriptive research, utilizing questionnaires as the primary data source through Google Forms. The subjects of this research are 200 customers of Bank Central Asia in Surabaya. This study can be classified as descriptive research, utilizing questionnaires as the primary data source through Google Forms. The subjects of this research are 200 customers of Bank Central Asia in Surabaya. The conclusion of this research is that service quality, company image, customer trust and brand reputation significantly influence customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Each element is interconnected and must be managed in an integrated manner to achieve optimal outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the students’ achievement in English speaking through the use of the Case Based Learning (CBL) method and the Project Based Learning (PjBL) method as well as to identify differences in students’ achievement between these two methods.

Method: The population of the sample selected for this study would use a total sampling technique for class determination and classification to select the experimental and control classes, respectively. For the case study, two classes each, of the majoring in IPA and IPS students consisting of each class of samples were 16. In the second-grade study, it was class XI, including 32 students. The type used in this study is a quasi-experimental research design. The data were obtained by using Pretest and post test.

Result: The results reveal that the students’ post-test mean score is improved after being treated. This is seen from the increase in the mean score of students’ pre-test from 48.75 to 69. The data above is evidence that case-based learning is effective in improving the speaking skill of students. In Control class The result shows that the mean score of students’ post-tests improve after being given treatment. It is seen through students’ pre-test mean score, which improved from 46.75 to 62.5This is shown by the data presented, that project -based learning really works in improving the students’ speaking prowess. The: there is a big difference between the experimental class and the control class with regard to the teaching method applied and the speaking performance of the students. It showed that the experimental class that employed the CBL method yielded better results compared to the control class using Project-Based Learning or PjBL. The average score from the experimental class was 48.75 in the pretest results, which was higher than the control class that had only got 46.75.

Conclusion: CBL and PjBL provide the students’ achievement of English speaking in Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Limbung. CBL makes pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary better through the analysis of a case but gives them less chance of speaking. In PjBL, students get more fluent and other skills developed in performing real-life-like tasks.