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Community extension services enable Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to translate academic
expertise into community-responsive development initiatives. This study investigated the
implementation of extension services in a selected Private Higher Education Institution (PHEI) in
Region 02, with the end view to determine the programs, extension modalities, and operational
challenges. The study utilized a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design using survey data from
sixty (60) faculty and staff extensionists and qualitative data from ten (10) Extension Coordinators
through key informant interviews. The data analysis used descriptive statistics and methodological
triangulation. Results indicated that the extension programs were implemented at an extensive level
(OWM=2.76), with dole-out (WM=3.80), literacy campaigns (WM=3.56), and livelihood skills
training (WM=3.53) being very extensive. Extension modalities were moderately extensive
(OWM=2.28), reflecting a very extensive reliance on traditional approaches such as Adopt-a-
barangay (WM=3.56) and Adopt-a-School (WM=3.56). Respondents further agreed that operational
challenges in the delivery of extension services (OWM=3.44) were too much academic work
(WM=3.98), coverage of too many target groups (WM=3.83), lack of essential teaching and
communication equipment (WM=3.78), and lack of training in extension and communication
methods (WM=3.76). Based on the results, it is concluded that strengthening policy frameworks,
resource allocation, communication and technological integration, and capacity-building initiatives
are vital to achieving sustainable, community-driven extension delivery.

This study is grounded on the premise that instructional leadership and supervision influence the quality of teaching and student learning. It employed Ivankova’s multistrand Mixed Methods Action Research (MMAR) framework to strengthen the supervisory competence of instructional leaders in secondary science through the Project RESET (Reflect, Empower, Supervise, Engage, Transform) initiative. 31 purposefully selected participants, who function as instructional leaders in the school, participated in the study. The study was implemented following the MMAR iterative processes: diagnosis, reconnaissance, planning, acting, evaluating, and monitoring. Quantitative findings and qualitative insights revealed that Project RESET resulted in a statistically significant improvement in supervisory competence from competent to highly competent, and participants’ reflections on improved supervisory approaches, including structured practices, clarity in the use of tools, and more relational/emphatic supervision, supported this. The study concluded that Project RESET strengthened the supervisory competence and practices of secondary science instructional leaders, bridging gaps in instructional supervision, providing a replicable, needs-based model for professional development.

The timely discharge of patients is a crucial component of hospital efficiency and quality healthcare delivery (Gupte, 2022). Hospitals aim to ensure that patients are discharged at the appropriate time once they are medically stable, as this helps optimize bed availability, reduce healthcare costs, and improve patient flow. Timely discharge reflects effective coordination among clinical teams, administrative systems, and financial processes, indicating overall hospital performance. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of patients’ financial status, health insurance status, and administrative discharge policy on the timely discharge of patients in a private hospital in Laguna. Specifically, it explored the level of financial status in terms of income, capacity to pay, and cash on hand; health insurance status in terms of type of insurance, coverage limits, and utilization; and administrative discharge policy in terms of workflow, clearance signatures, and billing speed. It also determined the level of timely discharge and examined the significant relationships among these variables.The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between the financial status of patients and timely discharge in terms of income (r = 0.459, p = 0.001), indicating a moderate correlation. Likewise, health insurance status showed significant relationships with timely discharge in terms of type of insurance (r = 0.456, p = 0.001), coverage limits (r = 0.423, p = 0.002), and utilization (r = 0.502, p = 0.000). Furthermore, the administrative discharge policy demonstrated a strong significant relationship with timely discharge in terms of workflow (r = 0.802, p = 0.000), clearance signatures (r = 0.866, p = 0.000), and billing speed (r = 0.816, p = 0.001). It was concluded that financial status, health insurance status, and administrative discharge policy are significantly correlated with the timely discharge of patients, with administrative factors showing the strongest influence. These findings imply that efficient hospital processes, along with patients’ financial and insurance capacity, are key contributors to improving discharge efficiency. This study is believed to be a valuable reference in enhancing hospital discharge systems, promoting efficient patient flow, and improving overall healthcare service delivery.

Post-palm oil plantation lands in Indonesia frequently encounter severe environmental degradation and limited post-productive utility. However, the emergence of the Society 5.0 era presents innovative opportunities for more productive and sustainable land management. This study aims to formulate a land-use transition strategy for post-palm oil areas by developing sustainable social ecotourism, integrating social, economic, and technological dimensions. A qualitative literature-based research design was employed, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses institutional, technological, and economic perspectives. Data were analyzed through thematic and comparative analysis of diverse scientific sources and policy frameworks. The findings indicate that sustainable social ecotourism significantly enhances local community welfare, strengthens institutional frameworks, and supports environmental rehabilitation. Key success factors include the integration of digital technology and the enhancement of brand equity to boost destination competitiveness. Despite its potential, the transition faces critical challenges such as limited local capacity, unequal technological access, and fragmented stakeholder coordination. Overall, sustainable community based ecotourism serves as a viable land-use transition strategy for post-palm oil plantations, provided there is a strategic integration of technological innovation, institutional strengthening, and community empowerment.

Instructional supervision is one critical factor in education that influences teachers’ quality practices and enhances students’ learning in senior high schools. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach to assess the instructional supervision practices of Subject Group Heads (SGHs). This study involved 13 SGHs and 63 teachers who responded to structured questionnaires that measured the quality of supervision in terms of checking lesson plans and teaching materials, classroom observations, and providing technical support. Weighted averages show that SGHs engaged in supervision practices and teachers had comparable views. Analysis of the differences between SGHs and teachers found no statistical significance, suggesting congruence in their understanding of supervision practices. The thematic analysis revealed barriers such as inadequate lesson plans, lack of teacher readiness, weak observation checklists, teacher reluctance to receive feedback, and lack of resources. Combining quantitative and qualitative results revealed that although instructional supervision generally occurred, it was inconsistent and insufficient for development due to challenges. The research concludes that instructional supervision needs to be enhanced through systematic, evidence-based, and developmental methods. Further research may be conducted with more schools to monitor and evaluate the implementation, usefulness, and effectiveness of the SUSTAIN-Based Technical Assistance Handbook in addressing supervision gaps and improving teachers’ instructional performance.