A Conceptual Framework for Preparing 21st-Century School Leaders: Aligning Qualification Standards with the Evolving Role of the Principal

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The role of the school principal has transformed significantly, demanding a new set of skills and competencies to navigate the complexities of 21st-century education. This conceptual paper addresses the need for aligning qualification standards with this evolving role by proposing a comprehensive framework for preparing effective school leaders. The framework identifies key 21st-century competencies, including digital literacy, data-driven decision-making, leading diverse communities, change management, and strategic thinking. It then explores how these competencies can be effectively developed through various strategies, such as formal training, mentoring, and professional learning communities. Furthermore, the paper examines how qualification standards can be aligned with these competencies through appropriate assessment methods. The proposed framework emphasizes the interconnectedness of these elements, providing a coherent and practical approach to ensuring that school leaders are equipped to meet the challenges and opportunities of contemporary education.

Realizing Quality Health Services through Ergonomic Re-Design of the Medical Records Room at the Kedungkandang Community Health Center

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This community service activity aims to redesign the medical records room at the Kedungkandang Community Health Center by applying ergonomic principles. The main goal of this redesign is to improve the quality of health services by creating a more comfortable and efficient work environment for medical records staff, as well as improving service flow to reduce patient waiting times. The methods used include in-depth interviews with staff, direct observation in the medical records room, and needs analysis based on ergonomic principles. Based on the data collected, various problems were found, such as non-optimal layout and inefficient equipment placement. The result of this activity was a new, more ergonomic design, which included reorganizing the registration counter, improving lighting, and improving ventilation. Although this design has not yet been implemented, the results of the service are expected to increase staff work efficiency and patient satisfaction after implementation. It is also hoped that this design can become a model for other health centers to improve the quality of health services.

Access to Emerging Technologies and Techniques in the Nigerian Solid Minerals Sector: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

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As the global population increases, the scale and impacts of mining have increased exponentially, and there are emerging trends when considering the sector’s future. Therefore, countries are transcending to modern forms of technology to achieve scale economies, decarbonisation, mine health and safety and environmental sustainability through leveraging on Automation, Big Data Analytics, Digital Innovations, and Artificial Intelligence.  These innovations have human, social and economic impacts, which can negatively and positively affect the principle of shared value. These complex interdependencies are reshaping the industry on a global scale, and for Nigeria to leverage her mining sector and expand to regional and global value chains, there is a need to scale up access to modern forms of technologies and techniques through linkage optimization, research and development, national and sectoral policies, government intervention, sustainable practices which will ultimately lead to resource-based industrialization. While abundant literature exists on the emergence of technologies in the solid minerals sector, this study, using a desktop and library-based analytical review, finds a dearth of research on the cost-benefit analysis of emerging technologies in the Nigerian mining landscape. This will ensure that technological disruptions are a win-win for communities and stakeholders to drive growth and global competitiveness for the sector. Therefore, Nigeria’s mining laws and policies must be reformed to adapt to these trends and interdependencies

Increasing Student Engagement and Understanding through Project-Based Learning on Asmaul Husna Materials

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This research aims to improve the understanding of grade VII students of SMPIT Iqra’ Bengkulu City towards Asmaul Husna (Al-‘Alim, Al-Khabir, As-Sami’, and Al-Bashir) through the application of a project-based learning model. The research was conducted on grade VII students of SMPIT Iqra’ Bengkulu City in semester 1 (odd) of the 2024-2025 school year. The method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with a cycle design consisting of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection (Kemmis & McTaggart, 2023). The results of the study show that the application of this project-based learning model has succeeded in increasing student involvement in learning, understanding of the concept of Asmaul Husna, and the average score of student learning outcomes. In the pre-cycle stage, of the 12 students who were the subjects of the study, only 5 students (41.7%) achieved learning completeness with an average score of 72.5, while 7 students (58.3%) had not completed it. In the first cycle, there was an increase with 7 students (58.3%) achieving completeness and the average score increased to 79.6, while 5 students (41.7%) were still incomplete. In the second cycle, the level of completeness increased significantly to reach more than 80%, indicating the success of the implementation of this learning model. This study emphasizes the importance of an interactive and contextual learning approach to integrate religious values into the teaching and learning process (Arends, 2012; Trianto, 2010). Thus, the implementation of Project-Based Learning not only improves academic outcomes but also makes an important contribution to the formation of students’ religious character through innovative learning (Mulyasa, 2014; Sanjaya, 2016).

Human in Xunzi’s Socio-Political Thought: Implications for Educational Reform in Vietnam

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This study examines Xunzi’s philosophy on humanity and its relevance to contemporary educational reform in Vietnam. Xunzi, 荀子 (316– 237 BCE), a prominent philosopher of ancient China, is known for his assertion that “human nature is inherently evil.” His socio-political philosophy emphasizes the role of education in shaping human character and fostering social order. Through a materialist perspective, Xunzi proposed methods such as self-cultivation, adherence to moral principles, and active engagement in society as pathways to achieving individual and societal harmony. The study highlights the historical significance of Xunzi’s ideas in addressing modern educational challenges in Vietnam, including the identification and development of talent, the prioritization of moral education, the central role of teachers, and the implementation of diverse and dynamic teaching methods. The findings suggest that Xunzi’s philosophical insights offer valuable lessons for building an education system that aligns with the principles of equity, innovation, and moral integrity in a rapidly changing society.

The Descriptive Study of Personality Santri Tahfidzul Qur’an ‘Ainul Yaqin Campus Islamic Boarding School When Facing Polemics through the Deposit of Memorize Al-Qur’an

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Based on observations made to Tahfidzul Qur’an students in the C class of the ‘Ainul Yaqin Islamic boarding school, there is a unique phenomenon that formed by several aspects such as parenting, background, and education that can influence the regulation and self-control when facing a problem in daily life. The orientation in this research tries to reveal that students in dealing with daily problems are reflected when students experience problems with their memorization when depositing in front of the tahfidz teacher. The type of research used is qualitative which specifically in the process adopts a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques and their instruments, researchers observe the subject directly and interview through the dissemination of questionnaires. While sequential data analysis techniques include, data collection, data condensation, data delivery, and conclusion making. The result obtained state that the diversity of the response of students who memorize the Al-Qur’an when facing obstacles with their memorization in front of the ability is a reflection of how students carry out self-control so that the tasks, trusts, and problems they encounter can be solved.

The Influence of Product Quality and Brand Image on Buying Interest in Wardah Lipstick Products (Case Study in Kebomas Sub-district, Gresik)

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Purpose: Is to analyze the influence of Product Quality and Brand Image on the Purchase Intention of Wardah lipstick products in Kebomas District, Gresik.

Patients and methods: Data has been obtained from the answer of questionnaire testing on 85 respodents who were used as samples in research using techniques purposive sampling.

Results: The results of the study show that product quality has a significant pos

itive impact on consumer buying interest in Wardah Lipstick in Kebomas District, Gresik, brand /lk7image has a significant positive impact on buying interest in Wardah Lipstick products in Kebomas District, Gresik.

Conclusion: The better the Product Quality of Wardah Lipstick, the higher the Purchase Intention for Wardah Lipstick products. Similarly, the better the Brand Image of Wardah Lipstick, the higher the Purchase Intention for Wardah Lipstick products.

Developing Sustainable Water Supply Strategies among Indigenous Peoples in the Davao Region: A Systematic Review

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Indigenous Peoples have a profound cultural, spiritual, and ecological connection to their ancestral lands and water resources. However, global challenges such as climate change, deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization increasingly threaten water availability and quality. Traditional knowledge systems and governance practices offer sustainable approaches to address these challenges, complementing modern water management strategies. This study reviews the literature on Indigenous water resource management, focusing on traditional ecological knowledge, cultural beliefs, customary laws, and their integration into modern governance frameworks. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA framework, analyzing studies published between 2015 and 2024.

The findings highlight that Indigenous communities possess rich traditional knowledge systems emphasizing water conservation and collective responsibility, often rooted in spiritual and cultural beliefs. Customary laws provide dynamic, community-centered approaches for regulating water use while balancing ecological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Successful integration of Indigenous knowledge into modern governance frameworks, as seen in New Zealand’s Māori principles of guardianship, demonstrates the potential for sustainable and equitable water management. Addressing global water challenges requires inclusive frameworks that blend traditional practices with institutional reforms to combat water insecurity, which is increasingly exacerbated by climate change. Indigenous Peoples’ practices offer invaluable insights for managing water resources sustainably, enhancing resilience, and fostering environmental stewardship when integrated into modern governance systems.

The Effect of Price, Promotion, Security and Service on Pharmacy Product Purchase Decisions at Conventional & Online Drugstore with Product Variation as Moderation

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This study aims to determine the effect of price, promotion, security and service on purchasing decisions for pharmaceutical products at conventional drugstore and online drugstore with product variation as a moderation. The research sample of 200 respondents was determined using purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from filling out a questionnaire with a Likert scale measurement that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used SEM PLS. The results showed that price and service had a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions at conventional and online drugstore. Promotion and security had no significant effect on purchasing decisions at conventional and online drugstore. Product variation did not moderate the relationship between price, promotion and purchasing decisions at conventional and online drugstore, product variation did not moderate the relationship between security and purchasing decisions at conventional drugstore, but moderated the relationship between service and purchasing decisions. In online drugstore, product variation moderated the relationship between security and purchasing decisions, but did not moderate the relationship between service and purchasing decisions. It is a serious concern for prices and services for conventional and online drugstore as a basis for consumer decision making, on the other hand, the promotion and security aspects need to find the right model so that they also have a positive impact and product variations can be considered as a differentiator from the goods offered.

The Role of Social Norms in the Formation of Legal Policy: Case Studies on Customary Practices and Environmental Protection

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This research looks at the role played by social norms in the formation of legal policies, focusing on the relationship between customary practices and environmental protection. Through case studies, this research explores how local cultural values, norms and traditions influence legal policies related to the environment. This analysis provides insights into how adat can be a cornerstone or an obstacle in environmental protection efforts. Through a qualitative approach, data was collected from various sources, including interviews with local stakeholders and legal documentation. The results highlight the complexity of the dynamics between customary norms and modern legal policies in the context of environmental protection. The implications of these findings are outlined to inform more holistic and inclusive policy development practices, which accommodate both value systems. In conclusion, this research illustrates the importance of understanding and considering social norms in the legal policy formation process to achieve sustainable environmental protection goals.