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Mother Goddess worship is one of the important types of spiritual activities, reflecting the aspiration of Vietnamese people for abundant clothing and food, timely rains and favorable weather. Along with the flow of time, the belief of Mother Goddess worship has certain changes, increasingly meeting the diverse and rich spiritual needs of Vietnamese people. The article presents an overview of the situation of this worship in Vietnam, as well as some values and limitations.

International integration is an inevitable trend that requires all participating countries to cooperate and compete with each other. That is also the process in which each nation must quickly create a breakthrough to assert its position in the international arena. Under the influence of that factor, Vietnam’s education is also on the threshold of innovation and integration. Therefore, learning advanced educational models and ensuring world and regional standards is extremely necessary. In recent years, integrating into the common trend with other countries, Vietnam has introduced the concept of ensuring the quality of training programs at the higher education level since 1998. Among them, AUN-QA’s training program evaluation standards are the most used by universities in Vietnam to date. Within the scope of the article, the author focuses on introducing the quality of training programs according to AUN-QA standards with its sets of criteria, pointing out the impacts of ensuring the quality of training programs according to AUN -QA. From there, we provide solutions to ensure the quality of training programs according to AUN-QA standards for training majors in Vietnam today.

This study was aimed at 1) analyzing the identity and development of Lanna oral Buddhist literature, 2) analyzing the contents and principles in propagating Buddhism for new generations, and 3) proposing the guidelines for value-adding and management of Lanna oral Buddhist literature in a new dimension. The sample consisted of 1) the sample who responded to the questionnaire:  152 monks and 152 deacons, and 2) the interviewees: 2 monks, 2 deacons, and 2 scholars. Research tools used to collect data consisted of 1) questionnaire, where percentage, statistics, mean, and standard deviation were used for data analysis, and 2) structured interview, where a descriptive analysis was conducted for data analysis.

The results indicated that 1) the identity of literature included indigenous preaching, Ventan (alms offering), asking for forgiveness from the Triple Gem and others, Lanna proverbs, asking for forgiveness from dead bodies, storytelling, morals, and Tan praying (folk praying), and the development of literature stemed from a mix with current events, changing based on the community context, integration with other local languages, adaptations over time, and compliance with the regime, 2) contents in the propagation of Buddhism included diligence, education, learning, use of intelligence to solve problems, folk tales, lives of the people, and dharma-based fairy tales, and 3) guidelines for literature value-adding included creating a new body of knowledge from oral Buddhist literature, organizing a “Local Northern Preaching” short course, preparing a handbook on oral Buddhist literature, promoting the learning for children, youth, and higher education, providing a subject in local Buddhist literature, preparing dharma-based Lanna books and tales, teaching and learning on oral Buddhist literature from the secondary education, and producing books on oral Buddhist literature.

This study examined the effects of discussion and inquiry methods on secondary school students’ scholarly performance in Biology. The study adopted quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, control group research design. Three hundred and eighty (380) secondary school one Biology students from nine schools through the simple random sampling technique were used as the research sample. The control group were instructed employing the lecture method, while the experimental group participated using the inquiry method. Both groups were instructed with same biological concepts in intact classroom for six weeks. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was administered to collect data for pre-test and post-test. A reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained using kuder-Richardson Formula 21. The data collected were analysed using the statistics of mean to answer the research questions and t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study’s findings indicated a significant difference in the scholarly performance of male and female students instructed using discussion and inquiry methods, with the former yielding better results; and a significant difference in the scholarly performance of discussion- and inquiry-based instruction when it came to student gender. In conclusion, both discussion and inquiry methods of teaching help Biology students do better in high school, but the discussion method works better than the inquiry method. Based on these, recommendations were made.

The achievement of goals in the organization has many aspects that are thought to influence it, including elements of leadership, motivation, working conditions and discipline of naval cadets. This research aims to: 1) To partially analyze the effect of leadership and motivation on the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. 2) To analyze the simultaneous influence of leadership and motivation on the discipline of Naval Academy cadets.

This research uses an explanatory research approach, namely the type of research that seeks to explain the influence between variables through hypothesis testing. The independent variables are X1 = leadership, X2 = motivation and the dependent variable is the discipline of naval academy cadets. (Y). The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with saturated sampling technique so that the entire population is used as a sample. Furthermore, the data were analyzed quantitatively, namely by using a statistical model in a computer program (SPSS 22.0), with descriptive analysis techniques and multiple linear regression analysis.

The results showed that: a) Simultaneously, leadership and motivation simultaneously affect the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. It can be said that well-executed leadership and motivation can improve the discipline of Naval Academy cadets; b) Partially, leadership and motivation variables affect the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. Seeing the results of this study, it is necessary to make a standardized assessment of the leadership of Navy officers who will be placed as caretaker officers at AAL and increased motivation, so that through leadership and motivation, reliable and professional Naval Academy cadets will be obtained.