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Speaking is one of the most crucial and challenging skills to master in learning English. As a consequence, learners regularly encounter difficulties that restrict their ability to speak English. For this reason, this study was carried out to find out factors that affected the English-speaking performance of English majored freshmen at a university in Can Tho City. The participants were recruited from 80 English majored freshmen at a university in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. Three instruments including the questionnaire, the paper-based interview, and the observation were used to collect the data. The found factors accounted for vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, background knowledge, psychological issues (lack of motivation, fear of making mistakes, and lack of confidence), learning environment, and lack of practice time. Based on these results, further recommendations were made for both EFL students and teachers.

The essence of this study is to evaluate the effect of three aspects of Sustainability reporting on economic value addition of Nigerian listed manufacturing companies from 2013 to 2020. Ex-post facto research design was adopted while secondary data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of 37 sampled companies out of 73 listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria as at 30^th September 2019. The panel data gathered for the study were subjected to empirical tests using panel regression techniques (random effect) at 5% level of significance. Evidence generated revealed among others that economic, social and environmental reporting aspects of sustainability reporting all had positive effect on economic value added over the period. However, the effects were found to be significant for economic and social reporting while the effect of environmental reporting was not statistically significant. Consequently, it was concluded that sustainability reporting has significant positive effect on economic value addition by listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This study therefore recommends amongst others that business organizations should incorporate sustainability reporting in their reporting system to reap the associated benefit of economic value added which should also be measured and reported annually. By policy implication, government across countries should put in place, annual awards and recognition programmes for companies with highest disclosure scores for all indices of sustainability reporting to encourage a more sustainability-driven economy, this will indirectly promote economic value added by corporations.

The management of safety in schools is essential for creating safe and healthy learning environments for pupils and staff. Using descriptive research design, which involved qualitative data collection and analysis, this study explored pupils and teachers’ perspectives on classroom safety management in selected schools of Southern province of Zambia. The study used homogenous purposive sampling to select schools and participants for the study. A total of 4 schools were sampled. 8 teachers were sampled purposefully. More so, 16 pupils were sampled purposefully. The selection criteria included schools with a diverse range of pupil populations and teachers with varying levels of experience. Data was collected using in-depth interviews (teachers) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for pupils. Classroom observations were used to collect data on classroom behavior and interactions between pupils and teachers. A checklist was used to take note of missing items in classrooms. Document analysis was used to review school policies and procedures related to classroom safety management and to identify areas where improvements may be needed. The qualitative data collected from the in-depth interviews and FGD were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes in the data. From research evidence, the benefits of classroom safety management include improved academic performance, reduced absenteeism, and better mental and physical health outcomes for learners. However, managing safety classrooms in schools presented numerous challenges, such as risk assessment, emergency preparedness, and ongoing training and education for pupils, teachers and other stakeholders. To overcome the challenges and realize the benefits of safety management in classrooms, there is need for effective collaboration and communication among all members of the school community, including pupils, staff, parents, and community partners, is essential.

In business activities in Indonesia, contracts are the basic framework that is used as a framework for relationships for economic actors. The principle of contract law is regulated in the Civil Code. Contracts can give rise to rights and obligations for the parties making the contract. Thus contracts play an important role in doing business in Indonesia. Contract law has existed since the days of Egyptian and Mesopotamian society around 3-4 centuries before Christ and has always experienced developments until now. The development of contract law in countries that adhere to the Common Law system is based on the doctrine of Promissory Estoppel and consideration, where there is an agreement followed by certain legal actions to fulfill the agreement already able to claim compensation, and there is a reciprocal relationship. This development also occurred in the Netherlands where an agreement that was not final but already had legal actions to fulfill the agreement could also claim compensation based on the principle of good faith. The development of contract law in Indonesia is still based on fulfilling the requirements for the validity of the agreement stipulated in article 1320 of the Civil Code, so that it can be called classic contract law. Legal actions that have not been based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code do not yet have legal consequences, so that losses arising from pre-contracts do not receive compensation. Assessment of current contract law, it is necessary to pay close attention to other developments through the development of contract law in other countries or through statutory regulations, which where the aggrieved party at the time of the agreement can claim compensation.

Nigeria is one of the few nations in the world that prioritizes educational excellence. Teachers play an essential role in their students’ development both academically and personally; therefore, it is imperative that they possess qualities such as subject matter expertise, ethical and intellectual vigilance, a genuine interest in their students, and the competence to carry out their duties effectively. This is only possible with sufficient training and seminar participation. Teachers may benefit from going to a seminar in many ways, including improving their communication skills, learning new information, making new connections, and becoming re-inspired. In order to ensure that the stated goals are met, a teacher must take on several hats in the classroom. He takes on the responsibilities of a parent and a confidant in addition to those of a boss, depending on the circumstances. All of these can be modified to improve schooling standards. In light of this, this paper investigates how teachers’ pedagogical practices and participation in professional development opportunities like conferences and seminars contribute to improving education quality in Nigeria.