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The novel Raden Dewi Sartika is a graphic novel by E. Rokajat Asura. Through this novel the author represents the struggle of the character Raden Dewi Sartika in fighting for women’s education with all the problematic gender ideology that existed at that time. This research discusses the representation of gender ideology in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura, with the research focus being (1) the representation of forms of gender ideology in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika, (2) gender roles in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika, and (3) The meaning of gender ideology in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach. This research method aims to analyze data by synthesizing data in the form of text and pieces of dialogue on the events narrated in the novel to describe the form of gender ideology, gender roles and the meaning of gender ideology in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura. The data source in this research is the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura with a book thickness of 422 pages, and published by Imani in 2019. The aim of this research is to describe and explain the representation of gender ideology in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura , the gender roles of Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura, and the meaning of gender ideology in Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura. This research produces descriptive information, namely a description of the analysis of the data collected. The data collected is in the form of sentences and pieces of dialogue. The report in this research is in the form of quotation data which is an illustration of the research focus. The results of this research show that the representation of gender ideology There are three forms of gender ideology represented in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura, namely: (1) marginalization (control over women’s movements, (2) stereotypes (women as gentle creatures) , (3) subordination (the position of women). There are two representations of gender roles in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura, namely: (1) reproductive role (taking care of family needs and caring for the family), (2) social role (teaching to read wrote and founded a women’s school). The meaning of gender ideology in the novel Raden Dewi Sartika by E. Rokajat Asura is divided into two indicators, namely: (1) subject-object position (work opportunities are limited by gender and women’s desire to gain freedom in the public sphere ), (2) the reader’s position (traditional construction of women). The results of this research are only a small part of the forms and impacts of discrimination. For readers and future researchers, it is hoped that this research can increase knowledge about character discrimination.

The position of land as an asset that drives the economy and has a positive impact on economic development and development. HGB can be given a maximum period of 30 years and can be extended for a maximum period of 20 years. An application for renewal of HGB can be submitted no later than 2 years after the period or extension ends, in Article 95 Number 2 of Permen ATR/BPN 18/2021. If no extension/renewal is made, based on Article 11 of Permen ATR/BPN 18/2021, land that has exceeded its rights period automatically becomes state land. An interesting legal issue to be studied in this study is the HGB object that is controlled for a period of 30 years by the rights holder but is not renewed/extended, after several years all heirs of the former HGB owner release it to the new rights recipient with compensation based on a deed of release of rights made by a Notary. The deed raises legal problems related to its validity and legal certainty, because the object is state land. The researcher determines the problem, namely: What is the legal status of a deed of release of rights made by a Notary for an HGB object whose term has expired? This research is a normative juridical study using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. Research Results The legal status of a deed of release of rights for an HGB object is that the deed provides Priority Rights owned by the former HGB holder. This Priority Right can be used as a basis for the former rights holder to transfer his rights to the new rights owner. Because the HGB object whose term has expired is not the right of the HGB subject but state land, so the status of the deed of release is null and void.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant disruptions and transformations in the operations of preschools across Malaysia. Consequently, parents’ decision-making process when choosing a preschool for their children has become less straightforward. This study aims to elucidate the factors that influence parents’ selection of preschools. A questionnaire survey was conducted involving 70 parents of preschool children enrolled in four kindergartens in Malaysia. Descriptive and ANOVA analyses were employed to assess the levels of various factors and their interrelationships. Our findings uncovered nine key post-COVID-19 elements that impact parents’ decisions when selecting a preschool: culture, religion, teachers, curriculum, safety, practical considerations, management, reputation, and facilities. These factors exert varying levels of influence on parents’ preschool choices. Among these factors, safety, the curriculum and educational philosophy, and the practical aspects of a preschool emerged as the top three considerations for parents. The results revealed a significant disparity in parents’ preschool selection based on income levels. Lower-income parents displayed less enthusiasm for preschools that required substantial parental support for blended online learning than their higher-income counterparts. These findings offer valuable insights into the criteria parents use to choose a preschool for their children, shedding light on their specific needs and expectations.

The paper examined the role of traditional handicraft in tourism promotion and economic empowerment in Nigeria. The paper highlighted concept of handicraft and craftsmanship. The types of Nigerian traditional handicrafts; the cultural significance of arts and handicrafts were highlighted. The potentials of traditional handicrafts in tourism development and economic empowerment such as job creation, revenue generation; and increase in foreign exchange earnings to the country were established based on the revenue literature. Challenges in the development of arts and craft industries in Nigeria and strategies to overcome them were examined. The reviewed literature established that handicrafts are essential parts of tourists’ experience in a destination. It was revealed that traditional handicrafts play significant roles in preserving the cultural heritage of a region as it symbolizes cultural identity. The reviewed literature indicated that traditional handicrafts attracts tourists to a destination as they are interested in purchasing crafts with symbolic meanings, as souvenirs to take to their homeland as memory of the place visited. Handicrafts also has the potential for job creation by providing source of income to those who engage in producing them, and also increase the foreign exchange earnings of the country as the foreign tourist purchase them. However, in Nigeria the performance of the arts and handicraft sector is far below its potentials due to the various challenges faced by the sector which among others include: lack of funding and non-financial support if form of policies by the government and its agencies to favor the growth of the sector; lack of collaboration between the handicraft producers and stakeholders in the tourism sector on product design to meet the market demands (needs of the tourists, poor marketing strategies which result in low patronage of arts and craft products; and scarcity strategies to overcome the challenges were also suggested which among others includes: Government granting both financial and non-financial support in form of funding and policies to favor the development of the arts and handicraft sector; collaboration and synergy between the art/craft sector and tourism sector for mutual benefits and promote cultural tourism, development of art/craft centres where artisans of the same trade can network and improve the quality of their products and also form co-operative society to make it easier to approach government for financial and non-financial help; and also develop marketing strategies for quick and profitable sales of their products both locally and globally.

Internationalization in higher education has become a pivotal aspect of academic governance, necessitating strategic and dynamic approaches to ensure effective engagement in the global educational landscape. This study investigates the current state of IZN operations of public and private universities in Albay, looking into academic governance structures with an emphasis on internationalized curriculum, exchange programs, research collaborations, grants and funding, and cultural integration. Adopting a lens informed by the Internationalization Theory, Strategic Intent Theory, and Dynamic Systems Theory, this study provides a comparative analysis of the academic governance strategies utilized in the universities of Albay. It embraces a comparative analysis that eschews direct ranking in favor of highlighting synergy and moves beyond the juxtaposition of institutional IZN outcomes to an intricate depiction of how these universities marshal their unique resources, capacities, and strategic orientations to cultivate a synergistic and internationalized academic environment. The findings offer a tapestry of engagement levels, with distinctive responses to challenges such as limited resources and policy constraints and the adept utilization of opportunities within each institution’s respective framework. Informed by qualitative data, the research suggests that an ecosystem of diverse yet symbiotic approaches to IZN can amplify the international standing and effectiveness of the higher education sector in Albay. The study culminates in a robust academic governance model that advocates for comprehensive IZN infrastructure development, a concerted approach to collaborative network building, strategic policy advocacy, innovative resource mobilization, and an adaptable strategic planning that is attuned to the dynamic nature of international academic pursuits. Taken together, the study presents nuanced, actionable recommendations designed to elevate the international profiles of universities in Albay. It underscores the potential for diverse institutional models to coalesce into a coherent strategy that not only enhances the province’s IZN capabilities but also contributes to the global discourse on higher education governance.