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This research takes the title “Effectiveness of Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution From Distributors Through Farmers’ Kiosk to Farmer Level (Case Study in West Lombok Regency). The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the subsidized fertilizer subsidy policy in its distribution from distributors to retail kiosks until it was accepted by farmers who were members of farmer groups. Determination of research areas purvosively in two sub-districts, namely Narmada sub-district and Gunungsari sub-district, West Lombok district. The population in this study are farmers who are members of farmer groups who use subsidized fertilizers in processing their farming business. Determining the sample as many as 120 respondents were determined randomly by random sampling from each selected farmer group in the work area of the subsidized fertilizer retailer kiosk. The research method used to analyze and measure the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer is descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. by using four main indicators, namely, right place, right time, right quantity and right price.

The results showed that from the four indicators that were observed, it could be said that the distribution of subsidized fertilizer from the distributor to the farmer level. 83.0%, the aspect of suitability with a ratio of 74.45%, the aspect of the suitability of the amount of fertilizer with an average achievement percentage of 55.28% and the ratio ratio with a ratio of 43, 04%. If viewed from the five aspects of fertilizer presentation, the application of subsidized fertilizer seen from these five aspects is 69.24%, based on the fertilizer subsidy policy criteria (Permendagri; 2011) then the delivery of subsidized fertilizer in the research area is in the effective category.

With changes in government policy on fertilizer prices which are increasing at any time, farmers are expected to be able to use fertilizers according to the recommendations recommended by the government. In addition, to anticipate the general shortage of fertilizers, the government is currently selling non-subsidized fertilizers to farmers at quite high prices.

AIDA Model (Action, Interest, Desire and Action) is one of the most used and popular steps being used and examine when focusing on consumer purchase decision-making processes. By looking on the relationship between AIDA Model’s steps and how much they influence marketing strategies, the research would like to finally examine if the relationship is mediated by the abilities of the SMEs digital marketing players and in the end to the digital marketing performance consist of financial and non-financial performance. The research concluded that SMEs in Sarawak still yet able to fully utilized most of the steps in AIDA Model for the benefits of their digital marketing strategies. However, their capabilities and realization towards the important of data analytics especially those that provided by digital marketing platforms and tools seems to have positively impacting their marketing strategies and therefore digital marketing performance.

The study explored business teachers’ level of Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in Senior High Schools in the Central Region of Ghana and examined the differences in teachers’ level of TPACK on the basis of some demographic variables using the mixed methods approach. The study used descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 248 business teachers. Questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data. Mean and standard deviation were used to examine business teachers’ level of TPACK. Moreover, Independent samples t-test was used to examine whether differences exist in teachers’ TPACK and gender. One-way (ANOVA) was also used to examine whether differences exist in teachers’ TPACK based on age. The finding showed that teachers possessed higher Content, Pedagogical and Pedagogical Content Knowledge and moderate Technological Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge and TPACK. The study found that there was statistically significant difference in teachers’ TK, TCK and gender in favour of the male teachers. The study concluded that teachers’ high content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical knowledge suggests that teachers seem to focus much on developing these knowledge to the neglect of other vital contemporary skills such the use of technology. This was evident in their moderate level of technological knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, technological content knowledge and technological pedagogical content knowledge.  The study recommended that the Ministry of Education through Ghana Education Service and Government should organise refresher courses for in-service teachers to learning the use of technology in teaching.

Blessed gods and the belief in god are unique features in the culture of the Vietnamese community. It can be said that the famous blessed gods are being worshiped all over the territory of Vietnam, such as Hung Vuong (national ancestor), Hai Ba Trung (saint god), Tran Hung Dao (saint god), Lieu Hanh (natural god). In which, worshiping Saint Tran is a form of folk belief in Vietnam, formed through the process of sanctifying and deifying a real historical figure. He became a patron saint for the cause of fighting foreign invaders, protecting the country and helping people to eradicate evil spirits and cure diseases. Within the scope of the article, the author focuses on clarifying the purpose and content of religious activities to worship Saint Tran to show the Vietnamese people’s diversity and richness in their culture and beliefs.

The design and development of a self-instructional course within a Moodle learning management system (LMS) requires consideration of various elements and operational definitions to achieve effective implementation. This study aims to specify, in a practical way, procedures and automation guidelines in Moodle based on the experience of instructional design; and the structuring of online activities through the programming of automated flows by configuring conditional rules and the integration of a virtual assistant to attend general queries with a Chatbot tool named Dialogflow from Google.

The instructional organization has been validated with a design-based research methodology through an iterative development model involving analyzing practical problems, evaluating, testing solutions, documenting, and reflecting on the implemented design principles. This experience proposes in its development three successive versions with continuous improvements of a self-instructional course, with the participation of 300 teachers, who tested the training itinerary, advancing through the sequence of resources and activities according to the programmed conditions.

A method of successive validation with continuous improvements allows identifying elements susceptible to be changed and restructured and analysis tools according to metrics provided by Moodle, verifying the users’ participation and tracking progress based on learning automation processes.