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Research related to Work Engagement (WE) and Employee Engagement (EE) has been carried out by many previous researchers, both quantitative and qualitative studies. What is interesting about these studies is that some researchers do not sufficiently differentiate the concepts between work engagement and employee engagement, while other researchers use different terms between work engagement and employee engagement. However, not many studies have questioned whether the concepts of WE and EE are the same or different concepts. These findings prompted this study to conduct an in-depth literature review regarding the concepts of WE and EE and their measurements. The study was carried out using a Systematic Literature Review approach on various studies that researched WE and EE. The results of the literature review show that WE and EE are concepts that should be treated differently. Work engagement focuses on the energy employees devote to work. Meanwhile, employee engagement focuses on the energy devoted to work that has a positive contribution to achieving the organization’s vision and mission. The context of employee engagement is to promote innovative employee behavior towards their work that contributes to the organization’s vision and mission.

This study investigated the effects of collaborative and traditional learning strategy on the academic performance of Social Studies students in upper basic schools in Delta State. This study adopted the quasi-experiment of 2x2x2 pre-test post-test control group design. This study sample comprised one hundred and sixty (160) upper basic eight students from six sampled schools from urban and rural areas. The research instrument used for this study was tagged Social Studies Performance Test (SSPT). It consisted of 50 multiple-choice items drawn from JSSIII past questions. The validity of the SSPT was determined through face and content validity, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to ascertain the reliability index of the research instrument. The reliability index was 0.83. Mean, standard deviation, t-test (t) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse the data collected. The results of this study revealed that collaborative and traditional learning strategy significantly facilitated students’ performance in Social Studies. The learning environment should be more friendly and accommodative. The school manager should identify and promote shared democratic values.

This study described school administrators’ leadership practices and teachers’ classroom management among purposively selected central schools in Cagayan de Oro City. Qualitative and quantitative research was employed utilizing a self-assessment survey questionnaire and focus group discussion method in gathering and collecting data. A simple random sampling technique was used to identify the number of classroom teachers, while purposive sampling was applied to determine the number of school principals as respondents. The data collected from the completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed and interpreted. At the same time, the results of the FGD were transcribed, and patterns of similarities and differences in leadership practices were identified and described.

The results of the self-assessment of the school principals on how they evaluate their administrative and supervisory practices revealed that most of them have excellent practices and management. The results of the principals’ assessment jived with the teacher’s classroom management assessment. The result of the focus group discussion revealed that on some items, the FGD respondents supported the assessment results of the principals; however, there were also notable and interesting responses made by the teachers that tended to invalidate the claims or responses of the school heads. Such incongruity is a clear manifestation of a problem, such as insufficient involvement of teachers in planning instructional programs, decision-making process, delegation of tasks and others, and inadequate staff and pupil development programs.

In light of the findings and limitations of the study, it is recommended that (1) a similar study that is wider and more comprehensive should be conducted to validate these findings, (2) create policies that will seriously involve teachers, especially in areas that concern them like but not limited to planning instructional programs, identifying and setting goals, involving teacher fully in all decisions related to their work, curriculum development, student development and staff development, and (3) school administrators should also use the Leadership Enhancement and Development (LEaD) Action Plan as reference to enhance leadership practices and classroom management.

The agricultural sector has a very strategic role in the national and regional economy through its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), foreign exchange earnings, provision of food and industrial raw materials, poverty alleviation, provision of employment and increase in community income. The threat of food production raises concerns about the occurrence of a food crisis, as a result Indonesia will need additional food availability, especially the availability of food-supporting land. Protection of food agricultural land is an inseparable effort in order to control the function of food land which is increasing rapidly today as a result of increasing demand for land. In 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture through the Directorate General of Agricultural Infrastructure and Facilities allocated the Protected Agricultural Land  Protection Recommendation activities to the District/City Agriculture Office in 51 districts/cities in 12 Provinces. The method used in this research uses normative research methods with conceptual and statutory approaches.

Linguistics has many specializations, including Toponymy, which studies the origin, structure, semantics, variation, distribution and use of Toponym. Toponymy explores different aspects of naming, and simultaneously learns about the language, culture of a region in particular and a nation in general. Tuyen Quang is a province in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam, where many ethnic groups live together, including ethnic minorities, 50% of the population of the area. Learning about landmarks in Tuyen Quang will show the relationship between places and the culture of ethnic minorities. The results of this study show that each relationship between ethnic languages in Vietnam is an interdisciplinary study of cultural content in languages, contributing to the values of interdisciplinary scientific disciplines, for the study of culture through language in Vietnam. Based on linguistic data, psychological characteristics of the ethnic group, and the relationship between language and culture, the article studies several places to find out the origin and original components of several typical landmarks that have significant cultural significance—elements of ethnic minority languages in districts where ethnic minorities live concentratedly in Tuyen Quang province.