Reinforcing Teacher’s Instructional Capability: Web-Designing

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Coronavirus has made the educational system around the world paralyzed, including in Aceh,
Indonesia. The only technique left to manage the teaching-learning process now is by attempting
online learning. This study aims at testing the teachers’ in Nagan Raya in concern to their ability in
web design. This study was carried out in quantitative approach; single group experimental design
where 15 teachers involved in this study as the sample. In the pretest, they were given 10 questions
to see their understanding in web design. Later, after 4 months of treatment, they were given posttest to see their progress. The data collection was clearly done through test: pretest and post-test.
And the data were analyzed using Normality test and T-test in order to test the hypothesis. The
result shows that there is increase in the teachers’ knowledge in relation to web design knowledge.
The score before the treatment was only 38.3 and it increased to 79.3 after the treatment. There is
score inclination for 41.6. additionlly, the t-test result is 4.041 which is still within the critical area,
and conclusively, this proves that there is a significant difference to th teachers’ web design
knowledge before and after the treatment. The implication from the result is that it is important to
host a program to train teachers on how to develop web design because during this pandemic,
websites have been the main sources for learning.

Increasing Multilingual First-Grade Learners’ Online Engagement through Pedagogical Translanguaging

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Engagement is essential to any learning. Engagement allows learners to increase their knowledge,
demonstrate that they have mastered the material. However, language differences are one of the
reasons that prevent learners from actively engaging in online synchronous classes. Specifically, in
the case of multilingual learners, adjustments in the delivery of instruction brought about by the
pandemic present an additional barrier as communication strategies vary between online and faceto-face contact. Thus, this classroom action research aimed to address this gap by employing
pedagogical translanguaging in Mother Tongue-Ilokano classes. Through observations, the
researcher analyzed the translanguaging behaviors of first-graders and outlined a pedagogical
translanguaging approach. Through a Learners’ Online Engagement Rating Scale, the researcher
observed the development in the online engagement of his first graders during the utilization of
pedagogical translanguaging. Considering the observations made before and after employing
pedagogical translanguaging, it can be concluded that pedagogical translanguaging can increase the
online engagement of Multilingual First-Grade Learners. With this finding, employing pedagogical
translanguaging in multilingual classes is recommended. Aside from increasing online engagement,
other benefits of pedagogical translanguaging such as increasing scores, are also suggested.

The Relationship between the Knowledge Level of Farmers and the Effectiveness of the Rice-Farming Business Insurance Program (AUTP) in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Several government policies have been made to overcome the risk of crop failure losses that threaten
farmers every planting season. An example is the rice-farming business insurance program (AUTP)
which still has problems in its implementation, especially at the farmer level. Therefore, this study
aims to describe the implementation of the AUTP program and examine the relationship between
farmers’ knowledge levels and the effectiveness of the program in Pinrang Regency. This is a
quantitative-correlational study conducted using a questionnaire as the main instrument. The samples
were farmers selected using the proportionate random sampling method, while data were analyzed
using the descriptive analysis and Spearman Rank correlation. The results showed that the majority
of the farmers’ knowledge was in the category of “do not know” and “not sure know” about the AUTP
program. Meanwhile, the implementation of the AUTP program was in the “less effective” category,
as indicated by the decreasing participation or being limited to only during the planting season. This
implies that there is a significant relationship between farmers’ knowledge level and the effectiveness
of implementing the AUTP program.

Some Non-Linguistic Obstacles in English-Vietnamese Translation

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This paper addresses some non-linguistic hindrances in English-Vietnamese translation, which are
ethical and ideologic obstacles, barriers in censorship and cultural hinderances, to raise the awareness
about potential difficulties in translation and illustrate some ways to overcome these challenges made
by some translators. The findings of the study shows that influences from morality, ideology and
cultural values may hinder translators from rendering English text into Vietnamese and it is necessary
for translators to be highly aware of these non-linguistic obstacles to make good translations which
would not cause confusion or misunderstanding, or be criticized by readers or social activists.
Additionally, the paper also proves that an English sentence may have different Vietnamese
translations because text-based equivalence is not only determined by linguistic factors but also by
people, acting and interacting in a social context, and euphemistic expressions can be used when
there is a conflict between translator’s and author’s ideology or when it is censored but such
expressions should not cause confusion or misunderstanding. In-depth cultural knowledge of the
source language and the target language is also requiried for the reason that it could be a helpful tool
for translators in reserving integrity of the source language and naturalness of the target language

Model of Educating Traditional Cultural Values for English Language Teacher Education Students in Hanoi, Viet Nam

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In the context of international integration, educating youngsters, especially students about traditional
cultural values is of great importance to the sustainable development of a nation. This paper defines
the model of educating students about traditional cultural values from the educational process
perspective. It focuses on proposing the model of traditional cultural value education for students
whose major is English Language Teacher Education in Hanoi, Vietnam. The model proposed
consists of the following main factors: purposes, objectives, content, means of education, educational
resources, educational methods and assessment. The article also concludes that the combination of
the above-mentioned factors in the model can contribute the effectiveness of the traditional cultural
value education process.

Localized Deployment of Pre-Service Teachers: Student-Teachers Experiences in Focus

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Teaching internship provides opportunity to pre-service-teachers to have a full-time teaching
experience in schools under the supervision of a cooperating teacher. Localization deployment of
student-teachers was not a new concept in Education, but it was implemented for the first time at
the Southern Philippines Agri-business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology
(SPAMAST). This study used the qualitative-phenomenological approach and involved 32 preservice teachers. The results revealed that familiarization, lesser expenses, teachers’ attitudes,
concern for students, and realization were the themes obtained for the benefits of localization while
familiarization, expectation, and temptation w e r e t h e disadvantages. A ppreciation of
students, participation of the learners, and performance of students were themes for the best
experiences. The findings showed that familiarity could have both positive and negative effects to
localized deployment of pre-service teachers. It would lead to animosity and lack of trust and
slackness and carelessness. Pre-service teachers better equipped themselves by setting ground
rules in interacting with students and in communicating with cooperating teachers. The right
monitoring and supervision need to set in place. Localize deployment is a wonderful idea, but
implementers may need to conduct exhaustive preparations which involve the stakeholders.

Oral Reading Miscues among Grade 11 Students in a Technical-Vocational High School

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Reading is important because it’s a way to get messages or information, and through reading, we can
understand it and use it in the future. This paper used a descriptive research design and content
analysis to determine oral reading miscues of Grade 11 senior high school students in Sta. Margarita,
Samar, Philippines. Findings disclosed that 11th graders’ English performance is considered
satisfactory but does not reflect oral communication and modern literature competence. Students
from Electrical Installation and Maintenance have the most oral mistakes. They are not particular
about academics, especially reading, because they prefer technical-vocational skills. Since their track
is not meticulous about vowel and consonant sounds, they self-correct their mispronounced words.
The EIM class has trouble recognizing and understanding content words, and verbs are the hardest
for them to read. Errors in reading verbs may have affected their understanding of the text because
they change sentence meaning. They had trouble recognizing personal pronouns in the text, unlike
academically inclined GA students. Oral reading miscues committed by Grade 11 students have no
significant effect on their academic performance in Oral Communication and are not the direct cause
of low grades in the subject. As oral communication performance activities are required to pass the
subject, anxiety must have affected their performance. Oral reading fluency is not required to
understand literature texts, so their oral reading miscues are not the direct cause of their low grades
in 21st Century Literature. Results also disclosed that oral reading miscues committed by the students
have no significant impact on their overall academic performance in English, but differences in
learners’ learning styles do. Researchers recommend that students and English teachers provide
intensive oral and silent reading exercises in the classroom to improve academic performance in Oral
Communication and 21st Century Literature, especially those TVL-EIM students.

Women Garments Worker and Work Status of Working Women in Bangladesh

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There is no critical exertion for figuring out the degree of work government assistance or the size of
work government assistance drives in Bangladesh. There are, 49.5 million of every 2005, 56.7
million monetarily dynamic or dynamic workforce of this country while 54.1 million individuals are
utilized in various areas in 2010).Labour regulation (otherwise called work regulation or business
regulation) intervenes the connection between laborers, utilizing elements, worker’s organizations
and the public authority. In a context of growing concern over gender disparities and its resulting
adverse impacts on society and the economy, the issue of the contribution of women to the national
economy has taken centre stage in development discourse in most countries. There is no denying
that integrating women’s contribution has become a necessity on equity and efficiency grounds for
any economy. It is now widely accepted that women’s labour market participation improves their
relative economic position, and from a broader perspective also stimulates the efficiency and
development potential of the economy. However, traditional gender norms and patriarchal values
often restrict women’smobility and constrain their activities in the labour market. This scenario is
particularly common in South Asian countries, resulting in much lower participation and in
concentration in low-paid activities for women in relation to their male counterparts

Enhancing Government Relations through Public Engagement: A Case of Christchurch Mosque Attacks

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To the world, New Zealand has always been conceived as a safe and peaceful country, however has
pronounced its two sequential massive terrorism attacks of mosque shooting in Christchurch, during
Friday prayer, on March 15th, 2019. The attack started at the Al Noor Mosque at 1:40pm which
followed by the second attempt at the Linwood Islamic Centre 15 minutes subsequently. A 28-yearold Australian-citizen gunman has live streamed the attack via his Facebook account – the tragedy
has claimed the lives of 51 and injured 49 others. Evidently, numbers of politicians and world leaders
criticized the attacks, and as the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern in her standing
ovation at Christchurch Memorial deemed saying that the attack witnessed as ‘one of New Zealand
darkest days’ and ‘the role of combatting terrorism attacks, condemnation of violence turn now to a
collective response, not the government alone’. This paper aims to emphasizes on the conceptual and
practical understanding on the concept of collective response through public engagement – it is fairly
a new term and practice that comprises of various ways to assemble people together as a mean of
putting the public concerns forward. In this context of crisis, the government has constantly
encouraged open communication with the citizens, the affected family members, in particular, by
involving interaction, and listening. With the goal of generating mutual resolution, these efforts are
considered as a compliment to a practicing democratic country as direct involvement of ordinary
people in a crisis resolution is significantly noticeable. The main contribution of this paper lies at the
government efforts at repairing the damage and securing the well-being of nations. This paper
approaches literature review as a research methodology by putting the perspectives on government
relations alongside with public engagement as a mean of enhancing understanding on how these two
entities reciprocate each other, at times. For future research, the emphasis of analysis can be given
onto the roles of media at reporting the government efforts at combatting such social or racial crisis.

School Culture Governance Towards Creating Academic Performance in Gatid Elementary School, District of Santa Cruz in the Division of Laguna

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Basically, this study was designed and conducted to determine the school culture governance in
creating academic performance. It was administered to assess the level of school culture in terms of
collectivism, power distance and long-term orientation as well as the assessment level of school
performance in terms of retention and drop-out rate. Likewise, the significant difference in the level
of teachers on school culture and school performance had been identified. Subsequently, the
significant relationship between the level of school culture and school performance was also
established in this study. The respondents were from Gatid Elementary School, Santa Cruz District,
Division of Laguna. They were composed of fortyseven (47) teachers and their school head. As this
study made use of a descriptive correlational design in research. Teachers were asked to answer
survey questionnaire about their profile. They rated their own school in different school culture. The
principal was asked to provide the data of school performance for the school year 2020. Descriptive
method, also known as statistical research, that describes data and characteristics about the
population or phenomenon being studied was used This research method is used for frequencies,
averages and other statistical calculations. This kind of research involves assessing the opinion from
the respondents through normative survey, questionnaires, interviews and observations. A survey
that establishes an organized attempt to analyze, interpret and report present status of the institution
or group or areas. The purpose of this is to acquire a group of classified, generalized and interpreted
data for the future guidance and practice of person’s responsibilities and interest. T-test was used in
this study which is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference
between the means of two groups, which maybe related in certain features. It is one of many test
used for the purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics. In this study, this was used to estimate
relationships between a dependent variable and one or more variables in this study. In each indicator
of the dependent variables, mean and standard deviation were determined to get the tvalue and
significance in order to know the status of school culture in Gatid Elementary School in three
dimensions: collectivism, power distance, and long-term orientation. On school’s performance
across culture governance, regression was applied in which t-value and p-value for the level of
significance were derived. Then, f-test and the significance were identified to support the hypothesis.
By giving a closer look on the school culture governance and its relationship to the performance of
the school, the findings of the study can be useful to the school heads and teachers as well. The
school head can create and intensify positive school cultures providing a safe, supportive,
encouraging, inviting, and challenging environment for students and staff, which in turn allows
students’ academic achievement to evolve. The teachers would realize how school culture can
contribute to their motivation to work hard and perform the task assigned to them. This may help
them work hand in hand to contribute to the propagation of culture that the school would like to
inculcate for the betterment of the school and of the individual pupils enrolled. They will become
aware of the things still needed to help the school in their community to deliver quality education.
This may also benefit future researchers by looking into the possibility of doing further research on
a wider view by including all teachers in more schools to establish better findings.